R. B. Torbert
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View article: The Correlation Function for Magnetic Field Fluctuations at Ion Dissipation Scales in the Solar Wind
The Correlation Function for Magnetic Field Fluctuations at Ion Dissipation Scales in the Solar Wind Open
View article: The Correlation Function for Magnetic Field Fluctuations at Ion Dissipation Scales in the Solar Wind
The Correlation Function for Magnetic Field Fluctuations at Ion Dissipation Scales in the Solar Wind Open
This study investigates energy dissipation in small-scale solar wind turbulence using a novel approach to autocorrelation function analysis leveraging high-resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS). We analyze magnet…
View article: MMS Observations of a Compressed, Strongly Driven Magnetopause during the 2024 Mother's Day Storm
MMS Observations of a Compressed, Strongly Driven Magnetopause during the 2024 Mother's Day Storm Open
View article: Energy Partitioning Between Thermal and Non‐Thermal Electrons and Ions in Magnetotail Reconnection
Energy Partitioning Between Thermal and Non‐Thermal Electrons and Ions in Magnetotail Reconnection Open
Magnetic reconnection is an explosive energy release event. It plays an important role in accelerating particles to high non‐thermal energies. These particles often exhibit energy spectra characterized by a power‐law distribution. However,…
View article: Multi‐Spacecraft Analysis of Dipolarization Events With Inductive, Radial Electric Fields in the Inner Magnetosphere
Multi‐Spacecraft Analysis of Dipolarization Events With Inductive, Radial Electric Fields in the Inner Magnetosphere Open
Dipolarization events with inductive, radial electric fields are investigated with multi‐spacecraft analysis techniques. Observations by Magnetospheric Multiscale with separations around ion scales are used to study spatial and temporal va…
View article: Scaling of Particle Heating in Shocks and Magnetic Reconnection
Scaling of Particle Heating in Shocks and Magnetic Reconnection Open
Particles are heated efficiently through energy conversion processes, such as shocks and magnetic reconnection, in collisionless plasma environments. While empirical scaling laws for the temperature increase have been obtained, the precise…
View article: The Diffusion Interaction Region of Dayside Magnetic Reconnection
The Diffusion Interaction Region of Dayside Magnetic Reconnection Open
Magnetic reconnection is a universal process that allows for the transfer and release of energy previously stored in a magnetic field configuration. At Earth, this process can occur in the boundary layer between Earth's magnetic field and …
View article: Correlation of Slow and Fast Electron Holes With Local Ion Distribution Minimum
Correlation of Slow and Fast Electron Holes With Local Ion Distribution Minimum Open
Although the theory of electron holes has a 60‐year history, whether fast and slow electron holes may share a common origin remains enigmatic. Here, with observations of Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we report that slow electron ho…
View article: Scaling of Particle Heating in Shocks and Magnetic Reconnection
Scaling of Particle Heating in Shocks and Magnetic Reconnection Open
Particles are heated efficiently through energy conversion processes such as shocks and magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasma environments. While empirical scaling laws for the temperature increase have been obtained, the precise m…
View article: The Evolution of Parallel Electron Temperature in Magnetospheric Reconnection Inflows
The Evolution of Parallel Electron Temperature in Magnetospheric Reconnection Inflows Open
Using data from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission captured in a reconnection inflow on the magnetospheric side of Earth's dayside magnetopause, we find a region where the heat flux density gradient term balances the parallel compres…
View article: Observation of chaotic fluctuations in turbulent plasma
Observation of chaotic fluctuations in turbulent plasma Open
Turbulence is a prevalent phenomenon in space and astrophysical plasmas, often characterized by stochastic fluctuations. While laboratory experiments and numerical simulations have revealed chaotic behavior, in situ observations of turbule…
View article: The Diffusion Interaction Region of Dayside Magnetic Reconnection
The Diffusion Interaction Region of Dayside Magnetic Reconnection Open
Magnetic reconnection is a universal process that allows for the transfer and release of energy previously stored in a magnetic field configuration. At Earth, this process can occur in the boundary layer between Earth's magnetic field and …
View article: Observation of Chaotic fluctuations in Turbulent Plasma
Observation of Chaotic fluctuations in Turbulent Plasma Open
Turbulence is a prevalent phenomenon in space and astrophysical plasmas, often characterized by stochastic fluctuations. While laboratory experiments and numerical simulations have revealed chaotic behavior, in-situ observations of turbule…
View article: Advanced Methods for Analyzing in-Situ Observations of Magnetic Reconnection
Advanced Methods for Analyzing in-Situ Observations of Magnetic Reconnection Open
View article: Scaling of Ion Bulk Heating in Magnetic Reconnection Outflows for the High-Alfvén-speed and Low-β Regime in Earth’s Magnetotail
Scaling of Ion Bulk Heating in Magnetic Reconnection Outflows for the High-Alfvén-speed and Low-β Regime in Earth’s Magnetotail Open
We survey 20 reconnection outflow events observed by Magnetospheric MultiScale in the low- β and high-Alfvén-speed regime of the Earth’s magnetotail to investigate the scaling of ion bulk heating produced by reconnection. The range of infl…
View article: Earth's Alfvén Wings Driven by the April 2023 Coronal Mass Ejection
Earth's Alfvén Wings Driven by the April 2023 Coronal Mass Ejection Open
We report a rare regime of Earth's magnetosphere interaction with sub‐Alfvénic solar wind in which the windsock‐like magnetosphere transforms into one with Alfvén wings. In the magnetic cloud of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on 24 April 20…
View article: Out-of-plane Parallel Current in the Diffusion Regions: The Interaction Between Diffusion Region Systems and their Impact on the Outer EDR
Out-of-plane Parallel Current in the Diffusion Regions: The Interaction Between Diffusion Region Systems and their Impact on the Outer EDR Open
Dayside magnetic reconnection allows for the transfer of the solar wind's energy into Earth's magnetosphere. This process takes place in electron diffusion regions (EDRs) embedded in ion diffusion regions (IDRs), which form in the magnetop…
View article: Relating the Phases of Magnetic Reconnection Growth to Energy Transport Mechanisms in the Exhaust
Relating the Phases of Magnetic Reconnection Growth to Energy Transport Mechanisms in the Exhaust Open
The efficiency of energy conversion during magnetic reconnection is related to the reconnection rate. While the stable reconnection rate has been studied extensively, its growth between the time of reconnection onset and its peak has not b…
View article: Direct in-situ Estimates of Energy and Force Balance in Near Earth Collisionless Plasmas
Direct in-situ Estimates of Energy and Force Balance in Near Earth Collisionless Plasmas Open
Fundamental processes in plasmas act to convert energies into different forms, e.g., electromagnetic, kinetic and thermal. Direct derivation from the Valsov-Maxwell equation yields sets of equations that describe the temporal evolution of …
View article: A Comparative Study of Energy Conversions Associated with Collisionless Shocks and Magnetic Reconnection in the near-Earth Environment
A Comparative Study of Energy Conversions Associated with Collisionless Shocks and Magnetic Reconnection in the near-Earth Environment Open
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in space plasmas. The mechanisms responsible for energy conversion and particle acceleration in collisionless shocks remain elusive and central to many astrophysical problems. Here we propose to analyze …
View article: Observational features of charge distribution in Earth’s inner magnetosphere
Observational features of charge distribution in Earth’s inner magnetosphere Open
Understanding the motion of charged particles in the electromagnetic field in the inner magnetosphere is essential for space science and space weather. Charge accumulation can occur due to the dipole magnetic and convective electric fields…
View article: Field-Aligned Current Structures during the Terrestrial Magnetosphere's Transformation into Alfven Wings and Recovery
Field-Aligned Current Structures during the Terrestrial Magnetosphere's Transformation into Alfven Wings and Recovery Open
On April 24th, 2023, a CME event caused the solar wind to become sub-Alfvenic, leading to the development of an Alfven Wing configuration in the Earth's Magnetosphere. Alfven Wings have previously been observed as cavities of low flow in J…
View article: Earth's Alfvén wings driven by the April 2023 Coronal Mass Ejection
Earth's Alfvén wings driven by the April 2023 Coronal Mass Ejection Open
We report a rare regime of Earth's magnetosphere interaction with sub-Alfvénic solar wind in which the windsock-like magnetosphere transforms into one with Alfvén wings. In the magnetic cloud of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on April 24, 2…
View article: Statistical Analysis of Electric Currents Within the Magnetosheath Using Dayside Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Observations
Statistical Analysis of Electric Currents Within the Magnetosheath Using Dayside Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Observations Open
Earth's magnetosheath is the region of shocked plasma that mediates coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations predict electric current closure across the magnetosheath from the bow shock to th…
View article: Data and Software for "Determining the orientation of a magnetic reconnection X line and implications for a 2D coordinate system"
Data and Software for "Determining the orientation of a magnetic reconnection X line and implications for a 2D coordinate system" Open
Supporting information for "Determining the orientation of a magnetic reconnection X line and implications for a 2D coordinate system", by Denton et al. Includes a copy of the paper and previous relevant papers, the simulation data used in…
View article: Data and Software for "Determining the orientation of a magnetic reconnection X line and implications for a 2D coordinate system"
Data and Software for "Determining the orientation of a magnetic reconnection X line and implications for a 2D coordinate system" Open
Supporting information for "Determining the orientation of a magnetic reconnection X line and implications for a 2D coordinate system", by Denton et al. Includes a copy of the paper and previous relevant papers, the simulation data used in…
View article: Laboratory Study of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection
Laboratory Study of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Open
View article: Observational evidence of accelerating electron holes and their effects on passing ions
Observational evidence of accelerating electron holes and their effects on passing ions Open
As a universal structure in space plasma, electron holes represent an obvious signature of nonlinear process. Although the theory has a 60-year history, whether electron hole can finally accelerate ambient electrons (or ions) is quite cont…
View article: Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 2. microscopic dynamics
Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 2. microscopic dynamics Open
We analyze the local dynamics of magnetotail reconnection onset using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. In conjunction with MMS, the macroscopic dynamics of this event were captured by a number of other ground and space-based observato…
View article: Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 1. macroscopic dynamics
Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 1. macroscopic dynamics Open
We analyze a magnetotail reconnection onset event on 3 July 2017 that was observed under otherwise quiescent magnetospheric conditions by a fortuitous conjunction of six space and ground-based observatories. The study investigates the larg…