Gerald Spindler
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View article: Climatology of aerosol pH and its controlling factors at the Melpitz continental background site in Central Europe
Climatology of aerosol pH and its controlling factors at the Melpitz continental background site in Central Europe Open
Aerosol acidity has importance for the chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles and for many processes that affect their transformation and fate. Here, we characterize trends in PM10 pH and its controlling factors …
View article: Climatology of aerosol pH and its controlling factors at the Melpitz continental background site in central Europe
Climatology of aerosol pH and its controlling factors at the Melpitz continental background site in central Europe Open
Aerosol acidity has importance for the chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles and for many processes that affect their transformations and fate. Here, we characterize trends in aerosol pH and its controlling fact…
View article: Residential Wood Combustion in Germany: A Twin-Site Study of Local Village Contributions to Particulate Pollutants and Their Potential Health Effects
Residential Wood Combustion in Germany: A Twin-Site Study of Local Village Contributions to Particulate Pollutants and Their Potential Health Effects Open
Residential wood combustion contributing to airborne particulate matter (PM10) was studied for 1 year at two sites in the village of Melpitz. Significant excess pollution was observed at the Melpitz center compared to that at the TROPOS re…
Social Purposes in German Corporate Law and Benefit Corporations in Germany Open
Social purposes and the interests of stakeholders are traditionally taken into account by German corporate law, in particular since codetermination for worker participants in supervisory councils has been introduced. Thus, this chapter des…
Strong deviations from thermodynamically expected phase partitioning of organic acids during one year of rural field measurements  Open
Organic acids are ubiquitous compounds in the troposphere and can affect human health, the climate, air quality, and the linked ecosystems. Depending on their solubility and volatility, they can partition in both gas phase and in the parti…
View article: Measurement report: Comparison of airborne, in situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the central European background – identifying sources of deviations
Measurement report: Comparison of airborne, in situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the central European background – identifying sources of deviations Open
A unique data set derived from remote sensing, airborne, and ground-based in situ measurements is presented. This measurement report highlights the known complexity of comparing multiple aerosol optical parameters examined with different a…
View article: Data for "Measurement report: Comparison of airborne in-situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the Central European background – identifying sources of deviations"
Data for "Measurement report: Comparison of airborne in-situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the Central European background – identifying sources of deviations" Open
A unique set of data is presented, derived from measurements conducted at the rural central European observatory at Melpitz, Germany. Data derived from remote sensing (lidar), airborne platforms (helicopter, balloon), and ground-based in-s…
View article: Data for "Measurement report: Comparison of airborne in-situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the Central European background – identifying sources of deviations"
Data for "Measurement report: Comparison of airborne in-situ measured, lidar-based, and modeled aerosol optical properties in the Central European background – identifying sources of deviations" Open
A unique set of data is presented, derived from measurements conducted at the rural central European observatory at Melpitz, Germany. Data derived from remote sensing (lidar), airborne platforms (helicopter, balloon), and ground-based in-s…
Algorithms, credit scoring, and the new proposals of the EU for an AI Act and on a Consumer Credit Directive Open
Credit scoring is one of the main applications of Artificial Intelligence technology in the financial world. However, there are scarcely any regulations which deal with AI. The new proposal of an AI Act of the EU Commission may change this…
Source apportionment and impact of long-range transport on carbonaceous aerosol particles in central Germany during HCCT-2010 Open
The identification of different sources of the carbonaceous aerosol (organics and black carbon) was investigated at a mountain forest site located in central Germany from September to October 2010 to characterize incoming air masses during…
View article: Closure of In-Situ Measured Aerosol Backscattering and ExtinctionCoefficients with Lidar Accounting for Relative Humidity
Closure of In-Situ Measured Aerosol Backscattering and ExtinctionCoefficients with Lidar Accounting for Relative Humidity Open
Aerosol particles contribute to the climate forcing through their optical properties. Measuring these optical aerosol particle properties is still challenging, especially considering the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles, which alter…
Comparison of co-located refractory black carbon (rBC) and elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites Open
The mass concentration of black carbon (BC) particles in the atmosphere has traditionally been quantified with two methods: as elemental carbon (EC) concentrations measured by thermal–optical analysis and as equivalent black carbon (eBC) c…
Data archive for the journal article: "Comparison of co–located rBC and EC mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites" Open
Data archive accompanying the peer-reviewed journal article "Comparison of co–located rBC and EC mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites". In January 2021 this article was accepted for publication i…
Data archive for the journal article: "Comparison of co–located rBC and EC mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites" Open
Data archive accompanying the peer-reviewed journal article "Comparison of co–located rBC and EC mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites". In January 2021 this article was accepted for publication i…
Family Firms and Closed Companies in Germany and Spain Open
Family firms and closed companies are the most widespread form of business organization in Germany and Spain. As a field of comparative research, however, they have long been neglected. This volume puts them in the legal limelight. Eleven …
Role of the dew water on the ground surface in HONO distribution: a case measurement in Melpitz Open
To characterize the role of dew water for the ground surface HONO distribution, nitrous acid (HONO) measurements with a Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) and a LOng Path Absorption Photometer (LOPAP) instrument were per…
Aerosol pollution maps and trends over Germany with hourly data at four rural background stations from 2009 to 2018 Open
A total of 10 years of hourly aerosol and gas data at four rural German stations have been combined with hourly back trajectories to the stations and inventories of the European Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), y…
Multi-year ACSM measurements at the central European research station Melpitz (Germany) – Part 1: Instrument robustness, quality assurance, and impact of upper size cutoff diameter Open
The aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) is nowadays widely used to identify and quantify the main components of fine particles in ambient air. As such, its deployment at observatory platforms is fully incorporated within the Europea…
Estimation of cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations and comparison to in situ and lidar observations during the HOPE experiments Open
Atmospheric aerosol particles are the precondition for the formation of cloud droplets and therefore have large influence on the microphysical and radiative properties of clouds. In this work, four different methods to derive or measure nu…
Source apportionment and impact of long-range transport on carbonaceous aerosol particles in Central Germany during HCCT-2010 Open
The identification of different sources of the carbonaceous aerosol (organics and black carbon) was investigated at a mountain forest site located in central Germany from September to October 2010 to characterize incoming air masses during…
Comparison of co–located rBC and EC mass concentration measurements during field campaigns at several European sites Open
The mass concentration of black carbon (BC) particles in the atmosphere has traditionally been quantified with two methods: as elemental carbon (EC) concentrations measured by thermal-optical analysis and as equivalent black carbon (eBC) c…
Chemical Characterization of Particulate and Volatile Organic Compounds in the Rural Wintertime Atmosphere by CHARON PTR-ToF-MS Open
We have shown in previous work that Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) in combination with the Chemical Analysis of Aerosol Online" (CHARON) inlet is a powerful tool for direct and online analysis of sub…
Aerosol immission maps and trends over Germany with hourly data at four ruralbackground stations from 2009 to 2018 Open
Ten years of hourly aerosol and gas data at four rural German stations have been combined with hourly back trajectories to the stations and inventories of the European EDGAR emission database yielding immission maps over Germany of PM10, p…
The standardization of the internet and the international harmonization of ecommerce Open
This chapter presents the development of the internet, in particular the harmonization of ecommerce, and introduces some of the different actors involved. To do so, first the technical and general characteristics of the internet and ecomme…
Role of the dew water on the ground surface in HONO distribution: a case measurement in Melpitz Open
To characterize the role of dew water on the ground surface HONO distribution, nitrous acid (HONO) measurements with a MARGA and a LOPAP instrument were performed at the TROPOS research site in Melpitz from 19 to 29 April 2018. The dew wat…