Andrew B. Ward
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View article: Pan-H7 influenza human antibody virus neutralization depends on avidity and steric hindrance
Pan-H7 influenza human antibody virus neutralization depends on avidity and steric hindrance Open
H7N9 avian influenza virus is a zoonotic influenza virus of public health concern, with a 39% mortality rate in humans. H7N9-specific prevention or treatments for humans have not been approved. We previously isolated a human monoclonal ant…
View article: Microfluidics combined with electron microscopy for rapid and high-throughput mapping of antibody–viral glycoprotein complexes
Microfluidics combined with electron microscopy for rapid and high-throughput mapping of antibody–viral glycoprotein complexes Open
Understanding the mechanistic interplay between antibodies and invading pathogens is essential for vaccine development. Current methods are labour and time intensive and limited by sample preparation bottlenecks. Here we present microfluid…
View article: Germline-targeting HIV Envelope SOSIP immunization more frequently elicits broadly-neutralizing antibody precursor responses in infant compared to juvenile rhesus macaques
Germline-targeting HIV Envelope SOSIP immunization more frequently elicits broadly-neutralizing antibody precursor responses in infant compared to juvenile rhesus macaques Open
A vaccine capable of inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is essential for effective prevention against HIV in children and adolescents. Germline-targeting vaccine strategies aim to stimulate bnAb precursor B cells through care…
View article: Antigenic and EM characterization of the Chiron experimental hepatitis C virus vaccine
Antigenic and EM characterization of the Chiron experimental hepatitis C virus vaccine Open
The Chiron experimental HCV vaccine, the only envelope-based HCV vaccine candidate to date, was immunogenic and safe in a phase 1 trial, though its efficacy remains untested. This study examined the antigenic properties of the vaccine anti…
View article: Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans
Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans Open
A leading HIV vaccine strategy requires a priming immunogen to induce broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) precursors, followed by a series of heterologous boosters to elicit somatic hypermutation (SHM) and produce bnAbs. In two randomized…
View article: Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans
Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans Open
A protective HIV vaccine will need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans, but priming rare bnAb precursor B cells has been challenging. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 human clinical trial, the recombi…
View article: Characterization of the glycoproteins of novel fish influenza B-like viruses
Characterization of the glycoproteins of novel fish influenza B-like viruses Open
Novel influenza-like virus sequences previously identified in fish and amphibians were found to cluster as a sister clade of influenza B viruses, but have thus far remained uncharacterized. We demonstrate that salamander influenza-like vir…
View article: Virus glycoprotein nanodisc platform for vaccine design
Virus glycoprotein nanodisc platform for vaccine design Open
Transmembrane glycoproteins of enveloped viruses are the targets of neutralizing antibodies and essential vaccine antigens. mRNA-LNP technology allows in situ production of transmembrane glycoproteins upon immunization, but biophysical cha…
View article: Mobile Runway Edge Sheave Anchor criteria in asphalt concrete pavement
Mobile Runway Edge Sheave Anchor criteria in asphalt concrete pavement Open
The Mobile Runway Edge Sheave (MRES) is used in conjunction with the Mobile Aircraft Arresting System (MAAS) for setback aircraft arresting system (AAS) installations in expedient or temporary situations. There are existing criteria and ta…
View article: Deposition of complement regulators on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites depends on the immune status of the host
Deposition of complement regulators on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites depends on the immune status of the host Open
Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of malaria cases and deaths worldwide. In malaria endemic areas, natural immunity to blood stage infection is acquired over several exposures to the parasite and is thought to rely on a…
View article: Microbiota-derived secondary bile acids promote STING activation and antitumor activity
Microbiota-derived secondary bile acids promote STING activation and antitumor activity Open
Microbiota metabolism generates diverse bile acids that are associated with health and disease, but the molecular targets and mechanisms of action for these metabolites have not been fully elucidated. Using bile acid photoaffinity probes a…
View article: Distinct oligomeric assemblies of STING induced by non-nucleotide agonists
Distinct oligomeric assemblies of STING induced by non-nucleotide agonists Open
STING plays essential roles coordinating innate immune responses to processes that range from pathogenic infection to genomic instability. Its adaptor function is activated by cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) secondary messengers originating from…
View article: Ab initio prediction of specific phospholipid complexes and membrane association of HIV-1 MPER antibodies by multi-scale simulations
Ab initio prediction of specific phospholipid complexes and membrane association of HIV-1 MPER antibodies by multi-scale simulations Open
A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein’s membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgro…
View article: Neuraminidase-specific antibodies drive differential cross-protection between contemporary FLUBV lineages
Neuraminidase-specific antibodies drive differential cross-protection between contemporary FLUBV lineages Open
The two influenza B virus (FLUBV) lineages have continuously diverged from each other since the 1980s, with recent (post-2015) viruses exhibiting accelerated evolutionary rates. Emerging data from human studies and epidemiological models s…
View article: Predicting the conformational flexibility of antibody and T-cell receptor CDRs
Predicting the conformational flexibility of antibody and T-cell receptor CDRs Open
Many proteins are highly flexible and their ability to adapt their shape can be fundamental to their functional properties. We can now computationally predict a single, static protein structure with high accuracy. However, we are not yet a…
View article: Rational design of next-generation filovirus vaccines through glycoprotein stabilization, nanoparticle display, and glycan modification
Rational design of next-generation filovirus vaccines through glycoprotein stabilization, nanoparticle display, and glycan modification Open
Filoviruses pose a significant threat to human health due to frequent outbreaks and high mortality. Although two vector-based vaccines are available for Ebola virus, a broadly protective filovirus vaccine remains elusive. Here, we evaluate…
View article: The 2023 Joint Airfield Damage Repair Symposium (JADRS) at Fort Liberty, North Carolina
The 2023 Joint Airfield Damage Repair Symposium (JADRS) at Fort Liberty, North Carolina Open
The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and the 20th Engineer Brigade, 27th Engineer Battalion, executed the Joint Airfield Damage Repair Symposium from 5 to 14 June 2023. The event was a training experience for personn…
View article: Functional, Immunogenetic, and Structural Convergence in Influenza Immunity between Humans and Macaques
Functional, Immunogenetic, and Structural Convergence in Influenza Immunity between Humans and Macaques Open
SUMMARY Human B cell immunity to the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem region, a universal influenza vaccine target, is often stereotyped and immunogenetically restricted, posing challenges for study outside humans. Here, we show that maca…
View article: Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies
Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies Open
Many naturally occurring protein assemblies have dynamic structures that allow them to perform specialized functions. Although computational methods for designing novel self-assembling proteins have advanced substantially over the past dec…
View article: Human monoclonal antibodies that target clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 hemagglutinin
Human monoclonal antibodies that target clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 hemagglutinin Open
The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has been spreading globally since 2022, causing mortality and morbidity in domestic and wild birds and mammals, including infection in humans, raising concerns about its pande…
View article: Structural characterization of influenza group 1 chimeric hemagglutinins as broad vaccine immunogens
Structural characterization of influenza group 1 chimeric hemagglutinins as broad vaccine immunogens Open
Chimeric hemagglutinins (cHA) appear to be promising for the design and development of universal influenza vaccines. Influenza A group 1 cHAs, cH5/1, cH8/1, and cH11/1, comprising an H1 stem attached to either an H5, H8, or H11 globular he…
View article: Structural mapping of polyclonal IgG responses to HA after influenza virus vaccination or infection
Structural mapping of polyclonal IgG responses to HA after influenza virus vaccination or infection Open
Cellular and molecular characterization of immune responses elicited by influenza virus infection and seasonal vaccination have informed efforts to improve vaccine efficacy, breadth, and longevity. Here, we use negative stain electron micr…
View article: Vaccination with mRNA-encoded membrane-bound HIV Envelope trimer induces neutralizing antibodies in animal models
Vaccination with mRNA-encoded membrane-bound HIV Envelope trimer induces neutralizing antibodies in animal models Open
A protective vaccine against HIV will likely need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that engage relatively conserved epitopes on the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer. Nearly all vaccine strategies to induce bnAbs requ…
View article: Anti–immune complex antibodies are elicited during repeated immunization with HIV Env immunogens
Anti–immune complex antibodies are elicited during repeated immunization with HIV Env immunogens Open
Vaccination strategies against HIV-1 aim to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) using prime-boost regimens with HIV envelope (Env) immunogens. Epitope mapping has shown that early antibody responses are directed to easily access…