Bart E. Pieters
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View article: A Gaussian Process Regression <i>IV</i> Model for PV Outdoor Data
A Gaussian Process Regression <i>IV</i> Model for PV Outdoor Data Open
Outdoor data are essential to study the reliability of PV modules and systems. Each electrical performance measure is dependent on the conditions the measurement is conducted at and, therefore, needs to be considered in the context of dyna…
View article: Performance Analysis of an Onboard PV System on a Demonstrator Light Commercial Vehicle in Hannover, Germany
Performance Analysis of an Onboard PV System on a Demonstrator Light Commercial Vehicle in Hannover, Germany Open
We present an analysis of the performance data of a monitored PV system onboard a light commercial electric vehicle during parking and driving conditions in the Hannover region of Germany. The PV system's nominal power is 2180 W P with fla…
View article: Nonuniformity of Irradiation Distribution on Vehicles' Bodies
Nonuniformity of Irradiation Distribution on Vehicles' Bodies Open
Nonuniformity of irradiation in photovoltaic (PV) modules causes a current mismatch in the cells, which leads to energy losses. In the context of vehicle‐integrated PV (VIPV), the nonuniformity is typically studied for the self‐shading eff…
View article: Fast Horizon Approximation: Impacts on Integrated Photovoltaic Irradiation Simulations
Fast Horizon Approximation: Impacts on Integrated Photovoltaic Irradiation Simulations Open
In applications that utilize detailed solar resource assessments with high‐resolution topography data, calculating the topographic horizon is critical for accurate shading calculations. In particular, the horizon calculation significantly …
View article: An electro-thermal finite element method (FEM) model for local hotspot kinetics in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin-film solar modules
An electro-thermal finite element method (FEM) model for local hotspot kinetics in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin-film solar modules Open
Partial shading can significantly impair the efficiency of thin-film solar cells. When exposed to partial shading, cells within the array tend to become reverse biased, leading to thermal runaway events and the emergence of hotspots. In Cu…
View article: Non-uniformity of irradiation distribution on vehicles' bodies
Non-uniformity of irradiation distribution on vehicles' bodies Open
This study uncovers the impact of geographic variability on the distribution of sunlight on vehicle surfaces, focusing on two distinct scenarios: the flat-surface cargo area of a small delivery truck and the entire body of a commercial pas…
View article: Light induced degradation of CIGS solar cells
Light induced degradation of CIGS solar cells Open
Considering warranted lifetimes of PV modules of typically 20-30 years, the performance stability of PV modules is one of the most crucial factors regarding power generation and yield. Long term outdoor performance studies depict realistic…
View article: Assessing the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models for onboard passenger vehicle photovoltaics applications
Assessing the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models for onboard passenger vehicle photovoltaics applications Open
We assess the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models, namely, Ross and Faiman, in the context of photovoltaics (PV) systems integrated in vehicles. Therefore, we present an analysis of irradiance and temperature data monitored on …
View article: Performance analysis of an onboard PV system on a demonstrator light commercial vehicle
Performance analysis of an onboard PV system on a demonstrator light commercial vehicle Open
We present an analysis of the performance data of a monitored PV system onboard a light commercial electric vehicle during parking and driving conditions. The PV system’s nominal power is 2180 W with flat silicon modules on the vehicle’s r…
View article: Impact of Additional PV Weight on the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles With Onboard PV
Impact of Additional PV Weight on the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles With Onboard PV Open
Photovoltaics (PV) in onboard vehicle applications adds weight to an electric vehicle (EV), increasing the overall energy consumption. Although the added PV system weight is small compared with the vehicle weight, the power generated by PV…
View article: Agri-Horti-PV Research System in North Rhine-Westphalia Including PV Trackers and Integrated Rainwater Harvesting
Agri-Horti-PV Research System in North Rhine-Westphalia Including PV Trackers and Integrated Rainwater Harvesting Open
We present a new Agri-Horti-PV system installed at the end of 2021 in the brown coal area of North Rhine-Westphalia near Jülich, Germany. The system contains different PV installations: Standard south oriented PV modules with a rainwater h…
View article: Development and improvement of a transient temperature model of PV modules: Concept of trailing data
Development and improvement of a transient temperature model of PV modules: Concept of trailing data Open
The development of a transient temperature model of photovoltaic (PV) modules is presented in this paper. Currently, there are a few steady‐state temperature models targeted at assessing and predicting the PV module temperature. One of the…
View article: Extrapolating CIGS Module Performance From Laboratory Cell Performance Using IEC61853 Standard Reference Climatic Profiles
Extrapolating CIGS Module Performance From Laboratory Cell Performance Using IEC61853 Standard Reference Climatic Profiles Open
In general, cell development and optimization is performed w.r.t. the cell performance parameters under standard test conditions (STC). However, as the performance of solar cells varies with temperature and irradiation, a single measuremen…
View article: Extended Solar Cell Parameters - General Purpose Descriptive I/V Parameters for Solar Cells
Extended Solar Cell Parameters - General Purpose Descriptive I/V Parameters for Solar Cells Open
For the automated analysis of I/V -characteristics of solar cells and modules, descriptive parameters are essential. In particular with the rise in machine-learning techniques and the related increase data volumes, there is a need for good…
View article: Reverse-Bias Defect Creation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells and Impact of Encapsulation
Reverse-Bias Defect Creation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells and Impact of Encapsulation Open
Reverse breakdown in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells can lead to defect creation and performance degradation. We present pulsed reverse-bias experiments, where we stress CIGS solar cells with a short reverse voltage pulse of ten millisecon…
View article: Thermal Stimulation of Reverse Breakdown in CIGS Solar Cells
Thermal Stimulation of Reverse Breakdown in CIGS Solar Cells Open
The underlying mechanisms of the initial stages of hot-spot and therefore defect creation due to reverse breakdown in Cu(In,Ga)S solar cells are not well understood. We test the thesis, that permanent damage is created due to a positive f…
View article: Impact of additional PV weight on the energy consumption of electric vehicles with onboard PV
Impact of additional PV weight on the energy consumption of electric vehicles with onboard PV Open
Photovoltaics (PV) in onboard vehicle applications adds weight to an electric vehicle (EV), increasing the overall energy consumption. Although the added PV system weight (1.5– 40 kg) is small compared to the vehicle weight (1500–2200 kg),…
View article: Impact of additional PV weight on the energy consumption of electric vehicles with onboard PV
Impact of additional PV weight on the energy consumption of electric vehicles with onboard PV Open
Photovoltaics (PV) in onboard vehicle applications adds weight to an electric vehicle (EV), increasing the overall energy consumption. Although the added PV system weight (1.5– 40 kg) is small compared to the vehicle weight (1500–2200 kg),…
View article: A direct measure of positive feedback loop-gain due to reverse bias damage in thin-film solar cells using lock-in thermography
A direct measure of positive feedback loop-gain due to reverse bias damage in thin-film solar cells using lock-in thermography Open
In this work, we present a method to study thermal runaway effects in thin-film solar cells. Partial shading of solar cells often leads to permanent damage to shaded cells and degrades the performance of solar modules over time. Under part…
View article: Reverse-bias behaviour of thin-film solar cells: effects of measurement-induced heating
Reverse-bias behaviour of thin-film solar cells: effects of measurement-induced heating Open
When a solar cell is subjected to a negative voltage bias, it locally heats up due to the deposited electrical power. Therefore, every investigation of cell characteristics in the negative voltage regime faces the challenge that the measur…
View article: Efficient Power Coupling in Directly Connected Photovoltaic‐Battery Module
Efficient Power Coupling in Directly Connected Photovoltaic‐Battery Module Open
Due to the intermittent nature of solar irradiance and the temporal mismatch between solar power generation and consumption profiles, the combination of photovoltaic (PV) devices with energy storage is essential. The maximum power point tr…
View article: Vehicle‐Integrated Photovoltaics Irradiation Modeling Using Aerial‐Based LIDAR Data and Validation with Trip Measurements
Vehicle‐Integrated Photovoltaics Irradiation Modeling Using Aerial‐Based LIDAR Data and Validation with Trip Measurements Open
Herein, a benchmark dataset for vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics irradiance modeling is proposed. The vehicle trip data consist of trips in the state of North Rhine‐Westphalia in Germany starting from March 2021, which amounts to more than…
View article: Irradiation-dependent topology optimization of metallization grid patterns and variation of contact layer thickness used for latitude-based yield gain of thin-film solar modules
Irradiation-dependent topology optimization of metallization grid patterns and variation of contact layer thickness used for latitude-based yield gain of thin-film solar modules Open
We show that the concept of topology optimization for metallization grid patterns of thin-film solar devices can be applied to monolithically integrated solar cells. Different irradiation intensities favor different topological grid design…
View article: Demonstration of Feeding Vehicle‐Integrated Photovoltaic‐Converted Energy into the High‐Voltage On‐Board Network of Practical Light Commercial Vehicles for Range Extension
Demonstration of Feeding Vehicle‐Integrated Photovoltaic‐Converted Energy into the High‐Voltage On‐Board Network of Practical Light Commercial Vehicles for Range Extension Open
The setting up of a practical electrically driven light commercial demonstration vehicle with integrated photovoltaics (PV) is reported. The demonstrator vehicle is equipped with 15 modules based on the crystalline Si/amorphous Si heteroju…
View article: Application of the Singular Spectrum Analysis on electroluminescence images of thin-film photovoltaic modules
Application of the Singular Spectrum Analysis on electroluminescence images of thin-film photovoltaic modules Open
This paper discusses an application of the singular spectrum analysis method (SSA) in the context of electroluminescence (EL) images of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules. We propose an EL image decomposition as a sum of three components:…
View article: Cross-Validation and Uncertainty Determination for Randomized Neural Networks with Applications to Mobile Sensors
Cross-Validation and Uncertainty Determination for Randomized Neural Networks with Applications to Mobile Sensors Open
Randomized artificial neural networks such as extreme learning machines provide an attractive and efficient method for supervised learning under limited computing ressources and green machine learning. This especially applies when equippin…
View article: Encoder–Decoder Semantic Segmentation Models for Electroluminescence Images of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules
Encoder–Decoder Semantic Segmentation Models for Electroluminescence Images of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules Open
We consider a series of image segmentation methods based on the deep neural networks in order to perform semantic segmentation of electroluminescence (EL) images of thin-film modules. We utilize the encoder-decoder deep neural network arch…