Bart Geerts
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View article: Global Warming Induced Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Western United States: Projections From Dynamically Downscaled CMIP6 GCMs
Global Warming Induced Changes in Extreme Precipitation in the Western United States: Projections From Dynamically Downscaled CMIP6 GCMs Open
This study uses 25 CMIP6 global climate model simulations, bias‐corrected and dynamically downscaled to 9 km, to examine regional changes in extreme precipitation, and predictive uncertainty, in the western United States under global warmi…
View article: A case study of cold-season emergent orographic convection and its impact on precipitation. Part 1: Mesoscale analysis
A case study of cold-season emergent orographic convection and its impact on precipitation. Part 1: Mesoscale analysis Open
It is not uncommon for layers within the warm conveyor belt in a frontal system to become potentially unstable, releasing elevated convection. The present study examines this destabilization process over complex terrain, and resulting prec…
View article: Accelerated impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds by turbulence
Accelerated impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds by turbulence Open
Several recent studies have reported complete cloud glaciation induced by airborne-based glaciogenic cloud seeding over plains. Since turbulence is an important factor controlling mixed-phase clouds, including ice initiation, snow growth, …
View article: Precipitation Formation in Wintertime Orographic Clouds. Part I: Environmental Conditions and Cloud Characteristics
Precipitation Formation in Wintertime Orographic Clouds. Part I: Environmental Conditions and Cloud Characteristics Open
Cloud seeding of wintertime orographic clouds in the western United States has been attempted to enhance snow production and snowpack. Due to the scarcity of long-term, high-resolution cloud and precipitation observations over complex terr…
View article: An Overview of the Cold-Air outbrEaks over the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR) campaign
An Overview of the Cold-Air outbrEaks over the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR) campaign Open
In the spring of 2024, the US National Science Foundation sponsored the Cold-Air outbrEaks in the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR) aircraft campaign, with the simple goal of characterizing cold-air outbreak (CAO) clouds coming off of the Arctic …
View article: Recommendations for the NSF Facilities for Atmospheric Research and Education (FARE): Access and Capabilities
Recommendations for the NSF Facilities for Atmospheric Research and Education (FARE): Access and Capabilities Open
Recommendations are presented regarding the composition and accessibility of the Facilities for Atmospheric Research and Education (FARE), funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The FARE program broadens access to specialize…
View article: A Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation of Changes in Precipitation and Snowpack in a Warmer Climate over the Interior Western United States
A Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation of Changes in Precipitation and Snowpack in a Warmer Climate over the Interior Western United States Open
This study investigates the impacts of climate change on precipitation and snowpack in the interior western United States (IWUS) using two sets of convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations. One simulation rep…
View article: Effect of Ice Number Concentration on the Evolution of Boundary Layer Clouds During Arctic Marine Cold‐Air Outbreaks
Effect of Ice Number Concentration on the Evolution of Boundary Layer Clouds During Arctic Marine Cold‐Air Outbreaks Open
Marine cold‐air outbreaks (MCAOs) are crucial for Arctic Ocean heat loss, featuring convective cloud rolls that transition into convection cells downstream. Understanding factors controlling this transformation is the key for improving MCA…
View article: Accelerated impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds by turbulence
Accelerated impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds by turbulence Open
Several recent studies have reported complete cloud glaciation induced by airborne-based glaciogenic cloud seeding over plains. Since turbulence is an important factor controlling mixed-phase clouds, including ice initiation, snow growth, …
View article: Ice nucleating particle sources and transports between the Central and Southern Arctic regions during winter cold air outbreaks
Ice nucleating particle sources and transports between the Central and Southern Arctic regions during winter cold air outbreaks Open
Ice nucleating particles (INPs) initiate ice formation, affecting the liquid versus ice distribution and radiative properties of clouds. INPs have been measured around the Arctic, but few INP concentration measurements have been reported f…
View article: Estimating the concentration of silver iodide needed to detect unambiguous signatures of glaciogenic cloud seeding
Estimating the concentration of silver iodide needed to detect unambiguous signatures of glaciogenic cloud seeding Open
Detecting an unambiguous radar reflectivity signature is vital for investigating cloud-seeding impacts. The radar reflectivity change attributed to seeding depends on both the cloud conditions and the concentration of silver iodide (AgI) p…
View article: A New Machine Learning Retrieval of Liquid Water Path Optimized for Mixed-Phase Cold Air Outbreaks Using Radiometer and Radar Observations
A New Machine Learning Retrieval of Liquid Water Path Optimized for Mixed-Phase Cold Air Outbreaks Using Radiometer and Radar Observations Open
Cold-air outbreaks over high latitude oceans typically include mixed-phase clouds and precipitation, in particular supercooled liquid clouds that support snow and graupel through ice growth processes. The partitioning of the total water in…
View article: Simulating Mixed‐Phase Open Cellular Clouds Observed During COMBLE: Evaluation of Parameterized Turbulence Closure
Simulating Mixed‐Phase Open Cellular Clouds Observed During COMBLE: Evaluation of Parameterized Turbulence Closure Open
Marine cold‐air outbreaks, or CAOs, are airmass transformations whereby relatively cold boundary layer (BL) air is transported over relatively warm water. To more deeply understand BL and mixed‐phase cloud properties during CAO conditions,…
View article: Estimating the concentration of silver iodide needed to detect unambiguous signatures of glaciogenic cloud seeding
Estimating the concentration of silver iodide needed to detect unambiguous signatures of glaciogenic cloud seeding Open
Detecting an unambiguous radar reflectivity signature is vital to investigate cloud seeding impacts. Radar reflectivity change attributed to seeding depends on both the cloud conditions and on the concentration of silver iodide (AgI) parti…
View article: Characterizing Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks With a Machine Learning Approach
Characterizing Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks With a Machine Learning Approach Open
During marine cold‐air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over warmer ocean, a well‐recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) at larger fetch over open water. The Cold‐Air Outbreak…
View article: Characterizing Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach
Characterizing Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach Open
During marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over warmer ocean, a well-recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) at larger fetch over open water. The Cold-Air Outbreak…
View article: Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations
Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations Open
This study examines marine boundary layer cloud regime transition during a cold air outbreak (CAO) over the Norwegian Sea, simulated by a global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) known as the Simple Cloud‐Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System …
View article: Detecting Climate Change Impacts on Socio-Hydrological Systems in the Rocky Mountains, USA
Detecting Climate Change Impacts on Socio-Hydrological Systems in the Rocky Mountains, USA Open
Observation networks established in complex mountain landscapes promise to address critical gaps in understanding of socio-hydrological systems and their process interactions operating at local to regional scales. Knowledge of vulnerabilit…
View article: Coupled Mesoscale to Microscale Simulations of Mixed-Phase Convective Clouds Observed during the Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE)
Coupled Mesoscale to Microscale Simulations of Mixed-Phase Convective Clouds Observed during the Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) Open
Equatorward excursions of cold polar air masses during cold air outbreaks (CAOs) result in the development of mesoscale convective circulations that significantly affect surface fluxes. Air masses undergo intense transformations as they tr…
View article: Airborne Measurements of Scale‐Dependent Latent Heat Flux Impacted by Water Vapor and Vertical Velocity Over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces During the CHEESEHEAD19 Campaign
Airborne Measurements of Scale‐Dependent Latent Heat Flux Impacted by Water Vapor and Vertical Velocity Over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces During the CHEESEHEAD19 Campaign Open
The water vapor transport associated with latent heat flux (LE) in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is critical for the atmospheric hydrological cycle, radiation balance, and cloud formation. The spatiotemporal variability of LE and wate…
View article: Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm-Resolving Simulations
Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm-Resolving Simulations Open
This study evaluates the performance of a global storm-resolving model (GSRM), the Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM). We analyze marine boundary layer clouds in a cold air outbreak over the Norwegian Sea in a 40-day sim…
View article: Characterizing the Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach
Characterizing the Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach Open
During marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over warmer ocean, a well-recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) at larger fetch over open water. The Cold-Air Outbreak…
View article: Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part IV: Controls on Supercooled Liquid Water Content and Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations
Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part IV: Controls on Supercooled Liquid Water Content and Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations Open
This paper examines the controls on supercooled liquid water content (SLWC) and drop number concentrations ( N t ,CDP ) over the Payette River basin during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE) …
View article: Insights into the relation between vertical cloud structure and dynamics of three polar lows: Observations from COMBLE
Insights into the relation between vertical cloud structure and dynamics of three polar lows: Observations from COMBLE Open
The vertical structure of three polar lows is described using profiling radar, lidar, and passive remote sensors deployed at a coastal site in northern Norway. The data were collected as part of the Cold‐air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundar…
View article: Airborne Measurements of Scale-Dependent Latent Heat Flux Impacted by Water Vapor and Vertical Velocity over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces During the CHEESEHEAD19 Campaign
Airborne Measurements of Scale-Dependent Latent Heat Flux Impacted by Water Vapor and Vertical Velocity over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces During the CHEESEHEAD19 Campaign Open
The spatiotemporal variability of latent heat flux (LE) and water vapor mixing ratio (rv) variability are not well understood due to the scale-dependent and nonlinear atmospheric energy balance responses to land surface heterogeneity. Airb…
View article: Vertical Structure of Clouds and Precipitation During Arctic Cold‐Air Outbreaks and Warm‐Air Intrusions: Observations From COMBLE
Vertical Structure of Clouds and Precipitation During Arctic Cold‐Air Outbreaks and Warm‐Air Intrusions: Observations From COMBLE Open
The Arctic is marked by deep intrusions of warm, moist air, alternating with outbreaks of cold air down to lower latitudes. The typical vertical structure of clouds and precipitation during these two synoptic weather extremes is examined a…
View article: Vertical Structure and Ice Production Processes of Shallow Convective Postfrontal Clouds over the Southern Ocean in MARCUS. Part I: Observational Study
Vertical Structure and Ice Production Processes of Shallow Convective Postfrontal Clouds over the Southern Ocean in MARCUS. Part I: Observational Study Open
A study of the vertical structure of postfrontal shallow clouds in the marine boundary layer over the Southern Ocean is presented. The central question of this two-part study regards cloud phase (liquid/ice) of precipitation, and the assoc…
View article: Vertical structure of clouds and precipitation during Arctic cold-air outbreaks and warm-air intrusions: observations from COMBLE
Vertical structure of clouds and precipitation during Arctic cold-air outbreaks and warm-air intrusions: observations from COMBLE Open
The Arctic is marked by deep intrusions of warm, moist air, alternating with outbreaks of cold air down to lower latitudes. The typical vertical structure of clouds and precipitation during these two synoptic weather extremes is examined a…
View article: Vertical Structure and Ice Production Processes of Shallow Convective Postfrontal Clouds over the Southern Ocean in MARCUS. Part II: Modeling Study
Vertical Structure and Ice Production Processes of Shallow Convective Postfrontal Clouds over the Southern Ocean in MARCUS. Part II: Modeling Study Open
Part I of this series presented a detailed overview of postfrontal mixed-phase clouds observed during the Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation, and Clouds over the Southern Ocean (MARCUS) field campaign. In Part II, we focus on a multiday (…