Bart Holterman
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View article: Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility
Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility Open
Viabundus.eu is a freely accessible online street map of late medieval and early modern northern Europe (1350-1650). Originally conceived as the digitisation of Friedrich Bruns and Hugo Weczerka's Hansische Handelsstraßen (1962) atlas of l…
View article: Does ChatGPT have Theory of Mind?
Does ChatGPT have Theory of Mind? Open
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to understand human thinking and decision-making, an ability that plays a crucial role in social interaction between people, including linguistic communication. This paper investigates to what extent rec…
View article: Geospatial Methods and the Premodern Economy: Mapping the Institutional Landscapes of Northern Europe, 1350–1650
Geospatial Methods and the Premodern Economy: Mapping the Institutional Landscapes of Northern Europe, 1350–1650 Open
The premodern European transport network was accompanied by a number of institutions that affected the transaction costs related to commercial travel, such as fairs, staple markets and toll stations. With digital techniques and big dataset…
View article: Viabundus: Map of Premodern European Transport and Mobility
Viabundus: Map of Premodern European Transport and Mobility Open
Viabundus is an open access online interactive map and database on roads and mobility in premodern northern and central Europe. The database covers the period 1350–1650. It is designed as a network model and includes digital reconstruction…
View article: Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility
Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility Open
Viabundus.eu is a freely accessible online street map of late medieval and early modern northern Europe (1350-1650). Originally conceived as the digitisation of Friedrich Bruns and Hugo Weczerka's Hansische Handelsstraßen (1962) atlas of l…
View article: Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility
Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility Open
Viabundus.eu is a freely accessible online street map of late medieval and early modern northern Europe (1350-1650). Originally conceived as the digitisation of Friedrich Bruns and Hugo Weczerka's Hansische Handelsstraßen (1962) atlas of l…
View article: Digitale Werkzeuge zur Analyse von Straßen und Wasserwegen als Rückgrat eines vormodernen Märktenetzwerks in Zentral- und Ostmitteleuropa
Digitale Werkzeuge zur Analyse von Straßen und Wasserwegen als Rückgrat eines vormodernen Märktenetzwerks in Zentral- und Ostmitteleuropa Open
"In the late Middle Ages, Central Europe was considered an important transit region for long-distance trade in goods imported over the Baltic and Black Seas, as well as from the urbanized areas of Flanders and Eastern Europe. At the same t…
View article: Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility
Viabundus map of premodern European transport and mobility Open
Viabundus.eu is a freely accessible online street map of late medieval and early modern northern Europe (1350-1650). Originally conceived as the digitisation of Friedrich Bruns and Hugo Weczerka's Hansische Handelsstraßen (1962) atlas of l…
View article: The Fish Lands: German trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroe Islands in the late 15th and 16th Century
The Fish Lands: German trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroe Islands in the late 15th and 16th Century Open
Based on newly uncovered archival sources as well as archaeological studies, this book offers the first extensive overview of the German trade with the North Atlantic in English. It challenges assumptions about the backwardness of the Germ…
View article: 4. Relations between German merchants and islanders in the North Atlantic
4. Relations between German merchants and islanders in the North Atlantic Open
Relations between German merchants and islanders in the North AtlanticCommercial relations between German merchants and islanders were shaped by the specific trading conditions in the North Atlantic and the great distance from the European…
View article: 2. Economic background: Traded commodities
2. Economic background: Traded commodities Open
Economic background: Traded commoditiesThe Carta Marina, the map of Scandinavia made in 1539 by Olaus Magnus, has become famous for its depictions of the many mythical creatures and sea monsters inhabiting the waters around Scandinavia. 1 …
View article: Appendix C: North Atlantic merchants in Hamburg
Appendix C: North Atlantic merchants in Hamburg Open
Appendix C: North Atlantic merchants in HamburgThe following table presents a selection of the most important North Atlantic merchants from the records of the Confraternity of St Anne of the Iceland Merchants in Hamburg, who have been sele…
View article: 1. Introduction
1. Introduction Open
IntroductionOnce upon a time, a skipper from Bremen died and was buried in a land far away from home.Nowadays, if one wants to visit his grave on the island of Unst in northern Shetland, one has to take a small gravel road across a barren …
View article: 3. Political background: The Hanse, urban centres, and foreign authorities
3. Political background: The Hanse, urban centres, and foreign authorities Open
3 Political background: The Hanse, urban centres, and foreign authoritiesThe connections between the German cities on the North Sea and the North Atlantic islands date back to the ninth century, when the archdiocese of Bremen-Hamburg was m…
View article: Gautavik - a trading site in Iceland re-examined
Gautavik - a trading site in Iceland re-examined Open
Gautavík is a well-known archaeological site on the east coast of Iceland. It was partially excavated in 1979 and interpreted as a seasonal occupied trading site, abandoned shortly after c. 1500. However, recent archaeological research on …