Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg
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View article: The model of excellencism and perfectionism with athletes: A look at measurement and associations with well-being and performance satisfaction as indicators of thriving
The model of excellencism and perfectionism with athletes: A look at measurement and associations with well-being and performance satisfaction as indicators of thriving Open
The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) proposes that the effects of pursuing perfection (i.e., perfectionism) need to be assessed beyond the effects of pursuing excellence (i.e., excellencism). Our objective in this research was…
View article: When Self‐Compassion Lacks Ferocity: Anger and Responding to False Accusations
When Self‐Compassion Lacks Ferocity: Anger and Responding to False Accusations Open
Objective Self‐compassion can help people when they make mistakes, but does it affect how people respond when falsely accused of making a mistake? In this research, we tested the hypothesis that self‐compassion is associated with lower lev…
View article: When self-compassion lacks ferocity: Anger and responding to false accusations
When self-compassion lacks ferocity: Anger and responding to false accusations Open
Objective: Self-compassion can help people when they make mistakes, but does it affect how people respond when falsely accused of making a mistake? In this research we tested the hypothesis that self-compassion is associated with lower lev…
View article: The model of excellencism and perfectionism with athletes: A look at measurement and associations with thriving
The model of excellencism and perfectionism with athletes: A look at measurement and associations with thriving Open
The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) proposes that the effects of pursuing perfection (i.e., perfectionism) need to be assessed beyond the effects of pursuing excellence (i.e., excellencism). Our objective in this research was…
View article: Exploring Social Disconnection through the Lens of Excellencism and Perfectionism: A Look at Loneliness, Social Achievement Goals, Social Sacrifices, and Relatedness
Exploring Social Disconnection through the Lens of Excellencism and Perfectionism: A Look at Loneliness, Social Achievement Goals, Social Sacrifices, and Relatedness Open
The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) differentiates striving toward high and realistic standards from striving for perfectionistic standards. Two studies situated excellencism and perfectionism within the nomological network o…
View article: Striving for Excellence or Chasing Perfection? Differential Associations with Test Anxiety for Students in Tertiary Education
Striving for Excellence or Chasing Perfection? Differential Associations with Test Anxiety for Students in Tertiary Education Open
Past studies have found an unexpectedly small and inconsistent association between perfectionistic standards and test anxiety. Our goal was to unpack this association through the lens of a novel theory: The Model of Excellencism and Perfec…
View article: Practically perfect in every way: Perfectionism and evaluations of perfect performances in sport
Practically perfect in every way: Perfectionism and evaluations of perfect performances in sport Open
How do perfection strivers react when they witness a perfect sport performance? In two studies, we show that perfectionism is associated with a lower likelihood of providing perfect performance ratings when there is ambiguity about whether…
View article: Self-compassion and willingness to adhere to return-to-play protocol following sport-related concussions
Self-compassion and willingness to adhere to return-to-play protocol following sport-related concussions Open
Context: Athletes who do not follow proper concussion recovery protocols are likely to experience their symptoms for longer while putting themselves at risk of further health issues. It is therefore critical to identify the types of athlet…
View article: Passion and engagement in sport: A look at athletes and coaches using a quadripartite approach
Passion and engagement in sport: A look at athletes and coaches using a quadripartite approach Open
Athletes and coaches often feel a great deal of passion for sport. But are these highly passionate individuals also highly engaged in sport? Based on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings from the dualistic model of passion …
View article: Passion and engagement in sport: A look at athletes and coaches using a quadripartite approach
Passion and engagement in sport: A look at athletes and coaches using a quadripartite approach Open
Athletes and coaches often feel a great deal of passion for sport. But are these highly passionate individuals also highly engaged in sport? Based on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings from the dualistic model of passion …
View article: How do passionate sport fans feel? An examination using a quadripartite approach
How do passionate sport fans feel? An examination using a quadripartite approach Open
The purpose of this research was to test if the ways sport fans felt while supporting their favourite teams – both in terms of typical feelings and changes in feelings over time – were associated with different combinations of harmonious p…
View article: From theory to research: Interpretational guidelines, statistical guidance, and a shiny app for the model of excellencism and perfectionism
From theory to research: Interpretational guidelines, statistical guidance, and a shiny app for the model of excellencism and perfectionism Open
After decades of research and debates about whether perfectionism is healthy or unhealthy, the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) recently differentiated between people striving for high standards (excellence strivers) and those…
View article: The impact of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism: a reinterpretation through the lens of the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism
The impact of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism: a reinterpretation through the lens of the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism Open
Background: Grieve et al . (2022) tested the effects of an intervention designed to reduce perfectionism. Contrary to their hypotheses, the intervention reduced both perfectionism and excellencism. Furthermore, excellencism positively corr…
View article: When hockey parents are motivationally imbalanced: Passion, need satisfaction, and verbal aggression toward officials
When hockey parents are motivationally imbalanced: Passion, need satisfaction, and verbal aggression toward officials Open
Spectators can engage in high levels of verbal aggression toward youth hockey officials. Often, the perpetrators of this aggression are the parents. Our aim was to test the motivational factors involved in explaining why hockey parents som…
View article: Losing passion: A test of the seasonal attenuation of passion (SAP) hypothesis across three longitudinal studies with athletes and sport fans
Losing passion: A test of the seasonal attenuation of passion (SAP) hypothesis across three longitudinal studies with athletes and sport fans Open
People often feel passionate toward activities in sport. But passion can change, and we know very little about how or when passion for sport changes over time. Here we present a hypothesis about how, when, and why passion changes over time…
View article: The quadripartite approach to passion in sport: A prospective and cross-domain analysis with intercollegiate student-athletes
The quadripartite approach to passion in sport: A prospective and cross-domain analysis with intercollegiate student-athletes Open
We tested if distinct combinations of harmonious passion and obsessive passion for sport were associated with outcomes within sport, academics, and in one’s life. We analyzed data from the Student-athlete Well-being and Achievement Project…
View article: Because Excellencism Is More than Good Enough: On the Need to Distinguish the Pursuit of Excellence from the Pursuit of Perfection
Because Excellencism Is More than Good Enough: On the Need to Distinguish the Pursuit of Excellence from the Pursuit of Perfection Open
An unresolved and controversial issue in the perfectionism literature is whether perfectionism is beneficial, harmful, or unneeded. The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) was recently developed to address this question by distin…
View article: The Impact of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Perfectionism: A Reinterpretation Through the Lens of the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism
The Impact of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Perfectionism: A Reinterpretation Through the Lens of the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism Open
Background. Grieve et al. (2022) tested the effects of an intervention designed to reduce perfectionism. Contrary to their hypotheses, the intervention reduced both perfectionism and excellencism. Furthermore, excellencism positively corre…
View article: From Theory to Research: Interpretational Guidelines, Statistical Guidance, and a Shiny App for the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism
From Theory to Research: Interpretational Guidelines, Statistical Guidance, and a Shiny App for the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism Open
After decades of research and debates about whether perfectionism is healthy or unhealthy, the Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism (MEP) recently differentiated between people striving for high standards (excellence strivers) and those…
View article: Passionate apologies: understanding apologizing behaviour using the dualistic model of passion
Passionate apologies: understanding apologizing behaviour using the dualistic model of passion Open
Research on the dualistic model of passion has shown that people’s responses to adversity while pursuing passionate activities are associated with both harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP). In this research we focused on a sp…
View article: Does it Matter if Sport Fans “Root for the Home Team”? A Test of the Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model
Does it Matter if Sport Fans “Root for the Home Team”? A Test of the Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model Open
The team identification-social psychological health model outlines that fans of local sport teams are more likely to experience feelings of social connectedness compared to fans of distant teams. We tested this proposition across two suffi…
View article: Good Times, Bad Times: A Closer Look at the Relationship between Savoring and Self-Compassion
Good Times, Bad Times: A Closer Look at the Relationship between Savoring and Self-Compassion Open
Self-compassion is associated with many positive outcomes and is generally viewed as an adaptive way of responding during difficult times. But self-compassion has also been positively associated with savoring, a way of responding to positi…
View article: Attitudes of Sport Fans toward the Electronic Sign Stealing Scandal in Major League Baseball: Differing Associations with Perfectionism and Excellencism
Attitudes of Sport Fans toward the Electronic Sign Stealing Scandal in Major League Baseball: Differing Associations with Perfectionism and Excellencism Open
The winners of the 2017 baseball World Series were found guilty of illegally using electronic devices to steal the signs of their opponents. Many but not all sport fans negatively reacted to this cheating incident. We relied on the Model o…
View article: Why Do Students Procrastinate More in Some Courses Than in Others and What Happens Next? Expanding the Multilevel Perspective on Procrastination
Why Do Students Procrastinate More in Some Courses Than in Others and What Happens Next? Expanding the Multilevel Perspective on Procrastination Open
Much is known about the antecedents and outcomes of procrastination when comparing students to one another (i.e., between-person level). However, little is known about the antecedents and outcomes of procrastination when comparing the cour…
View article: The two roads of passionate goal pursuit: links with appraisal, coping, and academic achievement
The two roads of passionate goal pursuit: links with appraisal, coping, and academic achievement Open
Background and Objectives: In this research, we testing the role of cognitive appraisals in explaining why harmonious and obsessive passion dimensions are related to distinct forms of coping, and explored if performance was impacted by the…
View article: The Two Dimensions of Passion for Sport: A New Look Using a Quadripartite Approach
The Two Dimensions of Passion for Sport: A New Look Using a Quadripartite Approach Open
Research relying on the dualistic model of passion has consistently found that harmonious passion for sport is positively associated with adaptive outcomes and that obsessive passion for sport is positively associated with maladaptive outc…
View article: Savoring Sport: Connections with Athlete Passion and Burnout
Savoring Sport: Connections with Athlete Passion and Burnout Open
Athletes can respond to positive experiences in sport by engaging in savoring – that is, by attempting to prolong or amplify their positive feelings (Bryant & Veroff, 2007). In this research, we tested if savoring was predicted by leve…
View article: Passionately Motivated Reasoning: Biased Processing of Passion-Threatening Messages
Passionately Motivated Reasoning: Biased Processing of Passion-Threatening Messages Open
Objective: When facing setbacks and obstacles, the dualistic model of passion outlines that obsessive passion, and not harmonious passion, will predict greater levels of defensiveness (Vallerand, 2015). Our aim was to determine if these pa…
View article: Testing the Dualistic Model of Passion Using a Novel Quadripartite Approach: A Look at Physical and Psychological Well-Being
Testing the Dualistic Model of Passion Using a Novel Quadripartite Approach: A Look at Physical and Psychological Well-Being Open
Objective: Passion research has focused extensively on the unique effects of both harmonious passion and obsessive passion (Vallerand, 2015). We adopted a quadripartite approach (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010) to test whether physical and …
View article: Fuelled by passion: Obsessive passion amplifies positive and negative feelings throughout a hockey playoff series
Fuelled by passion: Obsessive passion amplifies positive and negative feelings throughout a hockey playoff series Open
Previous research has shown that the highs and lows of sports fandom are more extreme for fans with strong levels of obsessive passion (Lafrenière et al., 2012). We tested if this amplification effect applied to how hockey fans felt throug…