Benjamin Woolf
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View article: Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization (STROBE-MR): a Korean translation of explanation and elaboration
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization (STROBE-MR): a Korean translation of explanation and elaboration Open
멘델 무작위화(Mendelian randomization, MR) 연구는 조절 가능한 노출(modifiable exposure)이 건강결과에 미치는 인과효과(causal effect)를 더 잘 이해하게 해 주지만, 그 근거는 종종 보고가 불충분함으로 인하여연구 결과의 해석과 적용에 한계가 있을 수 있다. 보고지침은 흔히 무슨 연구를 하고 무엇을 발견했는지 독자가 쉽게 이해하도록 돕는다. STROBE-MR(관찰연구의 멘델 무작…
View article: Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibition and Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibition and Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomisation Study Open
While preclinical studies suggest that Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition may reduce cognitive impairment, findings from observational studies on whether PDE5 inhibitors reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk have been inconsistent. We pe…
View article: A cautionary note on the naive use of general-population biobanks to study pulmonary arterial hypertension, with a focus on Mendelian randomisation
A cautionary note on the naive use of general-population biobanks to study pulmonary arterial hypertension, with a focus on Mendelian randomisation Open
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg [1]. Patients with PH are assigned to one of five internationally recognised groups. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), or group 1 PH, is a heterogeneo…
View article: Periodontitis and Systemic Disease: The Impact of Covariate Selection
Periodontitis and Systemic Disease: The Impact of Covariate Selection Open
Most evidence implicating periodontitis as a causal agent in systemic disease comes from observational research, where confounding is ubiquitous. There are substantial methodological differences among observational studies, of which an imp…
View article: Context-stratified Mendelian randomization: exploiting regional exposure variation to explore causal effect heterogeneity and non-linearity
Context-stratified Mendelian randomization: exploiting regional exposure variation to explore causal effect heterogeneity and non-linearity Open
Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to make causal claims. Standard MR approaches typically report a single population-averaged estimate, limiting their ability to explore effect heterogeneity or no…
View article: Exploring the Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption, Caffeine Metabolism, and Sleep Behaviours: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Exploring the Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption, Caffeine Metabolism, and Sleep Behaviours: A Mendelian Randomisation Study Open
Higher consumption of caffeinated beverages is associated with disturbed sleep patterns. Using genetic variants as proxies for caffeine consumption, caffeine metabolism, and sleep traits, we investigated whether this association reflects a…
View article: Reassessing the validity of using weighted linear models to implement multi-generational GWAS-by-subtraction: a response to Evans et al.
Reassessing the validity of using weighted linear models to implement multi-generational GWAS-by-subtraction: a response to Evans et al. Open
Evans and colleagues for providing a critique on our article “Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction”. They highlight important limitations in our approach, which we overlooked. They argue…
View article: Exploring the Relationship between Caffeine Consumption, Caffeine Metabolism, and Sleep Behaviours: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Exploring the Relationship between Caffeine Consumption, Caffeine Metabolism, and Sleep Behaviours: A Mendelian Randomisation Study Open
Higher consumption of caffeinated beverages is associated with disturbed sleep patterns. Using genetic variants as proxies for caffeine consumption, caffeine metabolism, and sleep traits, we investigated whether this association reflects a…
View article: The role of estimation in Mendelian randomization: should Mendelian randomization investigations provide estimates?
The role of estimation in Mendelian randomization: should Mendelian randomization investigations provide estimates? Open
Mendelian randomization (MR) makes causal claims by treating genetic variation in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial. MR investigations can be viewed as analogous to a randomized encouragement design, in that genetic var…
View article: Genetically proxied tumour necrosis factor inhibition and pregnancy-related maternal and foetal outcomes in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study
Genetically proxied tumour necrosis factor inhibition and pregnancy-related maternal and foetal outcomes in the general population: a Mendelian randomization study Open
Objectives Evidence on the safety of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) for pregnancy-related maternal and foetal outcomes remains limited. While some studies report increased rates of preterm delivery, others have suggested a possible protective role …
View article: Lipid-lowering therapies for aortic stenosis: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study
Lipid-lowering therapies for aortic stenosis: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study Open
Introduction Large observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated a strong association between both elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) with risk of aortic stenosis (AS), although randomized tr…
View article: PDE5 inhibition and Alzheimer’s disease risk: a mendelian randomisation study
PDE5 inhibition and Alzheimer’s disease risk: a mendelian randomisation study Open
INTRODUCTION While preclinical studies suggest that Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition may reduce cognitive impairment, findings from observational studies on whether PDE5 inhibitors reduce Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk have been incons…
View article: Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study
Assessing the Causal Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A meta-analytic Mendelian randomisation study Open
Smoking is a major cause of global morbidity and premature mortality. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; “second-hand” or “passive smoking”) may also contribute to ill health. However, it is difficult to establish causality give…
View article: Independent Effects of Blood Pressure on Intraocular Pressure and Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Independent Effects of Blood Pressure on Intraocular Pressure and Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomization Study Open
PURPOSE: To investigate the causal effect of elevated blood pressure on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and POAG endophenotypes. METHODS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to investigate the causal effect of elevated…
View article: Comparison of caffeine consumption behavior with plasma caffeine levels as exposure measures in drug-target mendelian randomization
Comparison of caffeine consumption behavior with plasma caffeine levels as exposure measures in drug-target mendelian randomization Open
Mendelian randomization is an epidemiologic technique that can explore the potential effect of perturbing a pharmacological target. Plasma caffeine levels can be used as a biomarker to measure the pharmacological effects of caffeine. Alter…
View article: Assessing the validity of minimal phenotyping: a UK Biobank study.
Assessing the validity of minimal phenotyping: a UK Biobank study. Open
Background: Minimal phenotyping is the practice of using a small number of questionnaire items to measure a phenotype instead of the entire scale. It is often used as a method of data harmonization when combining different samples in the s…
View article: MVMRmode: Introducing an R package for plurality valid estimators for multivariable Mendelian randomisation
MVMRmode: Introducing an R package for plurality valid estimators for multivariable Mendelian randomisation Open
Background Mendelian randomisation (MR) is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables. Mode-based estimators (MBE) are one of the most popular types of estimators used in univariable-MR studies and is often used as a sensitivity…
View article: Multi-biobank summary data Mendelian randomisation does not support a causal effect of IL-6 signalling on risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Multi-biobank summary data Mendelian randomisation does not support a causal effect of IL-6 signalling on risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension Open
In the most comprehensive analysis to date, this study failed to detect an association of genetically predicted CRP-weighted IL-6 signalling or CRP-weighted IL-6R signalling with PAH risk using all available PAH GWAS data https://bit.ly/3T…
View article: A drug target for erectile dysfunction to help improve fertility, sexual activity, and wellbeing: mendelian randomisation study
A drug target for erectile dysfunction to help improve fertility, sexual activity, and wellbeing: mendelian randomisation study Open
Objective To investigate the association of genetically proxied (using a surrogate biomarker) inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), an established drug target for erectile dysfunction, with fertility, sexual behaviour, and subjective w…
View article: Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires
Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires Open
Researchers using postal and electronic questionnaires can increase response using the strategies shown to be effective in this Cochrane review.
View article: MendelianRandomization v0.9.0: updates to an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data
MendelianRandomization v0.9.0: updates to an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data Open
The MendelianRandomization package is a software package written for the R software environment that implements methods for Mendelian randomization based on summarized data. In this manuscript, we describe functions that have been added or…
View article: Caffeine Intake, Plasma Caffeine Level, and Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Caffeine Intake, Plasma Caffeine Level, and Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study Open
Caffeine is a psychoactive substance widely consumed worldwide, mainly via sources such as coffee and tea. The effects of caffeine on kidney function remain unclear. We leveraged the genetic variants in the CYP1A2 and AHR genes via the two…