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View article: Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions
Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions Open
In addition to the omnipresent Galactic Cosmic Rays, sudden Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events present considerable health hazards for manned space missions. These events not only contribute to an increased long‐term cancer risk, but ca…
View article: Lessons Learned from a Solar Cycle of Space Radiation Measurements on the Surface of Mars with RAD
Lessons Learned from a Solar Cycle of Space Radiation Measurements on the Surface of Mars with RAD Open
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Rover Curiosity has been effectively serving as a space weather monitor on the surface of Mars since Curiosity landed on the red planet in 2012. RAD has measured the impact of more than a…
View article: Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions
Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions Open
The radiation environment en route to and on Mars is dominated by sporadic Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events and omnipresent Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs). Both pose significant health risks for future crewed Mars missions due to high ra…
View article: Radiation Environment on Mars: Insights from 12 Years of Curiosity’s RAD Observations
Radiation Environment on Mars: Insights from 12 Years of Curiosity’s RAD Observations Open
 The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) onboard the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity rover has continuously monitored energetic particles on the Martian surface since its landing on August 6, 2012. The resulting dataset prov…
View article: The reason for the widespread energetic storm particle event of 13 March 2023
The reason for the widespread energetic storm particle event of 13 March 2023 Open
Context. On 13 March 2023, when the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft (S/C) was situated on the far side of the Sun as seen from Earth, a large solar eruption took place, which created a strong solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed by …
View article: On the reason for the widespread energetic storm particle event of 13 March 2023
On the reason for the widespread energetic storm particle event of 13 March 2023 Open
On 13 March 2023, when the Parker Solar Probe was situated on the far side of the Sun as seen from Earth, a large solar eruption took place creating a strong solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed by multiple spacecraft (S/C). The e…
View article: Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions
Nowcasting Solar Energetic Particle Events for Mars Missions Open
In addition to the omnipresent Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs), sudden solar energetic particle (SEP) events present considerable health hazards for manned space missions. These events not only contribute to an increased long-term cancer risk,…
View article: Observed Correlation Between Local Topography and Passive Neutron Measurements From the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover
Observed Correlation Between Local Topography and Passive Neutron Measurements From the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover Open
The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover primarily measures neutrons that have undergone interactions with rocks and materials in the rover's local environment. As the rover ascends Aeo…
View article: 4000 Sols on Mars - A Long-term Study of Radiation Variations
4000 Sols on Mars - A Long-term Study of Radiation Variations Open
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) onboard the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover is the first-ever instrument continuously monitoring energetic particles on the surface of Mars. Since the rover's landing on August 6, 2012, RAD…
View article: The Martian Surface Radiation Environment: Zenith Angle Dependence of Fluxes of Different Secondary Particle Species Produced in the Mars Atmosphere
The Martian Surface Radiation Environment: Zenith Angle Dependence of Fluxes of Different Secondary Particle Species Produced in the Mars Atmosphere Open
Understanding the zenith angle dependence of the Martian surface radiation environment is crucial for planning future human exploration missions to Mars. In our previous research (Wimmer et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2021; Khaksarighiri et al. 2…
View article: Multispacecraft Observations of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2022 February 15–16
Multispacecraft Observations of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2022 February 15–16 Open
On 2022 February 15–16, multiple spacecraft measured one of the most intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed so far in Solar Cycle 25. This study provides an overview of interesting observations made by multiple spacecraft d…
View article: The First Ground Level Enhancement Seen on Three Planetary Surfaces: Earth, Moon, and Mars
The First Ground Level Enhancement Seen on Three Planetary Surfaces: Earth, Moon, and Mars Open
On 28 October 2021, solar eruptions caused intense and long‐lasting solar energetic particle (SEP) flux enhancements observed by spacecraft located over a wide longitudinal range in the heliosphere. SEPs arriving at Earth caused the 73rd g…
View article: Unfolding the Neutron Flux Spectrum on the Surface of Mars Using the MSL‐RAD and Odyssey‐HEND Data
Unfolding the Neutron Flux Spectrum on the Surface of Mars Using the MSL‐RAD and Odyssey‐HEND Data Open
Understanding the long‐term radiation environment at the surface of Mars allows us to estimate the exposure for future robotic and crewed missions. Typically, the radiation environment includes charged particles (i.e., protons and heavier …
View article: Heliophysics and Space Weather Science at ~1.5 AU: Knowledge Gaps and Need for Solar and Solar Wind Monitors at Mars
Heliophysics and Space Weather Science at ~1.5 AU: Knowledge Gaps and Need for Solar and Solar Wind Monitors at Mars Open
Whitepaper #234 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: space weather applications; basic research. Additional topics: space weather research/operations/research loop; inner heliosphere; spa…
View article: The Zenith‐Angle Dependence of the Downward Radiation Dose Rate on the Martian Surface: Modeling Versus MSL/RAD Measurement
The Zenith‐Angle Dependence of the Downward Radiation Dose Rate on the Martian Surface: Modeling Versus MSL/RAD Measurement Open
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on board the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover has been monitoring the surface radiation environment on Mars for just over 10 years. It has been found by Wimmer‐Schweingruber et al. (2015, ht…
View article: Heliophysics and space weather science at ∼1.5 AU: Knowledge gaps and need for space weather monitors at Mars
Heliophysics and space weather science at ∼1.5 AU: Knowledge gaps and need for space weather monitors at Mars Open
This perspective article discusses the knowledge gaps and open questions regarding the solar and interplanetary drivers of space weather conditions experienced at Mars during active and quiescent solar periods, and the need for continuous,…
View article: Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements
Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements Open
Potential deleterious health effects to astronauts induced by space radiation is one of the most important long-term risks for human space missions, especially future planetary missions to Mars which require a return-trip duration of about…
View article: Natural Radiation Shielding on Mars Measured With the MSL/RAD Instrument
Natural Radiation Shielding on Mars Measured With the MSL/RAD Instrument Open
Protecting astronauts from the effects of space radiation remains one major stepping stone for the exploration of Mars. Long‐term exposure to radiation can lead to severe health effects and affects allowable mission duration. Mission desig…
View article: Directionality of the Martian Surface Radiation and Derivation of the Upward Albedo Radiation
Directionality of the Martian Surface Radiation and Derivation of the Upward Albedo Radiation Open
Since 2012 August, the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Curiosity rover has been characterizing the Martian surface radiation field which is essential in preparation for future crewed Mars missions. RAD observed radiation dose is…
View article: Evaluating the Martian radiation environment based on state-of-art measurements and modelling results
Evaluating the Martian radiation environment based on state-of-art measurements and modelling results Open
<p>In recent years, space agencies such as ESA, NASA, the Chinese space agency and even private sectors have been planning human deep space exploration programs to the Moon and Mars. This requires a very timely and thorough investiga…
View article: Long term variations of galactic cosmic radiation on board the International Space Station, on the Moon and on the surface of Mars
Long term variations of galactic cosmic radiation on board the International Space Station, on the Moon and on the surface of Mars Open
<div class="abstract"> <div><p>The radiation environment in free space and the related radiation exposure is seen as one of the main health detriments for future long-duration human exploration missions beyond Low Earth…
View article: Galactic Cosmic Ray Induced Neutron Environment on Mars
Galactic Cosmic Ray Induced Neutron Environment on Mars Open
©Copyright 2020. Government sponsorship acknowledged. LPI Contribution No. 2326, 2020, id.2538
View article: Tracking and Validating ICMEs Propagating Toward Mars Using STEREO Heliospheric Imagers Combined With Forbush Decreases Detected by MSL/RAD
Tracking and Validating ICMEs Propagating Toward Mars Using STEREO Heliospheric Imagers Combined With Forbush Decreases Detected by MSL/RAD Open
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission's Curiosity rover has been measuring galactic cosmic rays (GCR) as well as solar energetic particles (SEP) on the surface of Mars for more…
View article: Comparisons of High‐Linear Energy Transfer Spectra on the ISS and in Deep Space
Comparisons of High‐Linear Energy Transfer Spectra on the ISS and in Deep Space Open
In deep space, personnel and equipment are exposed to the space radiation environment in the form of energetic particles, specifically galactic cosmic rays and sporadic solar energetic particle events. Radiation fields resulting from these…
View article: The 2015 - Present Rise of the GCR as observed by RAD on Mars
The 2015 - Present Rise of the GCR as observed by RAD on Mars Open
The radiation exposure due to galactic cosmic rays has been rising since early 2015 and is
\nreaching some of the highest levels observed in the space age. This observation is not limited
\nto the near-Earth space environment, but is also …
View article: Space Weather on the Surface of Mars: Impact of the September 2017 Events
Space Weather on the Surface of Mars: Impact of the September 2017 Events Open
Although solar activity is declining as the Sun approaches solar minimum, a series of large solar storms occurred in September 2017 that impacted both Earth and Mars. This was the largest event seen on the surface of Mars by the Radiation …
View article: Modeling the Evolution and Propagation of 10 September 2017 CMEs and SEPs Arriving at Mars Constrained by Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurement
Modeling the Evolution and Propagation of 10 September 2017 CMEs and SEPs Arriving at Mars Constrained by Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurement Open
On 10 September 2017, solar energetic particles originating from the active region 12673 produced a ground level enhancement at Earth. The ground level enhancement on the surface of Mars, 160 longitudinally east of Earth, observed by the R…
View article: Radiation measurements and dosimetry for deep-space exploration
Radiation measurements and dosimetry for deep-space exploration Open
Dosimetry and radiation monitoring are key factors for the planning of future human exploration on deep-space missions outside of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO), as radiation exposure poses
\none of the major health risks for astronauts in deep spa…