Bernd Friedrich
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View article: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tin(II) Sulphide Using Tin(II) Sulphate Precursor via H2-Mediated Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tin(II) Sulphide Using Tin(II) Sulphate Precursor via H2-Mediated Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Open
This study presents a novel approach for the synthesis of tin(II) sulphide (SnS) by integrating ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with hydrogen reduction (HR), using tin(II) sulphate (SnSO4) as a precursor. The method combines aerosol dropl…
View article: Engineered Artificial Minerals (EnAMs): Concept, Design Strategies, and Case Studies
Engineered Artificial Minerals (EnAMs): Concept, Design Strategies, and Case Studies Open
With the continuous development of easily accessible resources, the exploitation of complex mineral resources, metallurgical waste slag containing high-value metals, and secondary resources is gradually becoming a mainstream trend. Due to …
View article: Electrochemical Deposition of Silicon: A Critical Review of Electrolyte Systems for Industrial Implementation
Electrochemical Deposition of Silicon: A Critical Review of Electrolyte Systems for Industrial Implementation Open
Electrochemical deposition of silicon is considered a promising alternative to conventional high-temperature and high-emission methods of silicon production. This review analyzes the current state of research on electrolyte systems used fo…
View article: Advances in non-metallic inclusion removal from aluminum melts towards cleaner and higher-performance materials
Advances in non-metallic inclusion removal from aluminum melts towards cleaner and higher-performance materials Open
With the increasing demand for sustainable aluminum materials and the rapid development of high-performance aluminum alloys, the effective removal of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) from aluminum melts has become a central focus in aluminum…
View article: Modelling the physical properties of electrofluxes through the lens of experimental data
Modelling the physical properties of electrofluxes through the lens of experimental data Open
Electroslag remelting (ESR) and vacuum arc remelting (VAR) are widely employed techniques for producing defect-free ingots in ferroalloys, nonferrous metals, and superalloys. These technologies find applications in sectors like military, a…
View article: Effect of Oxidative Roasting on Selective Leaching of Lithium from Industrially Shredded Lithium Iron Phosphate Blackmass
Effect of Oxidative Roasting on Selective Leaching of Lithium from Industrially Shredded Lithium Iron Phosphate Blackmass Open
The increasing need-based demand for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable recycling methods. This study investigates the effect of …
View article: Recovery of Titanium and Aluminum from Secondary Waste Solutions via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Recovery of Titanium and Aluminum from Secondary Waste Solutions via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Open
The synthesis of oxide nanopowders through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) represents a sustainable method for producing high-purity, spherical particles tailored for advanced material applications. Recent developments in USP synthesis le…
View article: Conceptual Recycling Chain for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers—Case Study Involving Review-Derived Model Stack
Conceptual Recycling Chain for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers—Case Study Involving Review-Derived Model Stack Open
The recycling of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) raw materials is imperative due to their scarcity, cost, complexity and environmental impact. This is particularly true in the context of expanding electrolyzer manufactu…
View article: Effect of Oxidative Roasting on Selective Leaching of Lithium from Industrially Shredded Lithium Iron Phosphate Blackmass
Effect of Oxidative Roasting on Selective Leaching of Lithium from Industrially Shredded Lithium Iron Phosphate Blackmass Open
The increasing need-based demand of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable recycling methods. This study investigates the effect of o…
View article: Hydrogen Reduction of Tellurium Oxide in a Rotary Kiln, Initial Approaches for a Sustainable Process
Hydrogen Reduction of Tellurium Oxide in a Rotary Kiln, Initial Approaches for a Sustainable Process Open
In the recycling of semiconductor materials like Bi2Te3 or CdTe, TeO2 may form as a by-product that can be directly reduced to recover metallic Te. The hydrogen reduction of TeO2 offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional carbother…
View article: Conceptual Recycling Chain for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer—Case Study Involving a Review Derived Model Stack
Conceptual Recycling Chain for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer—Case Study Involving a Review Derived Model Stack Open
The recycling of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) raw materials is imperative due to their scarcity, cost, complexity, and environmental impact. This is particularly true in the context of expanding electrolyzer manufact…
View article: Comparative Analysis of Reduction Techniques Aiming for the Minimization of Contaminated Soil with Red Mud
Comparative Analysis of Reduction Techniques Aiming for the Minimization of Contaminated Soil with Red Mud Open
Comparative analysis of red mud reduction techniques was performed using both carbothermal and hydrogen-based reduction methods, combining thermochemical modeling and experimental validation. The reduction process is mostly important becau…
View article: Combined Decarbonizing Technologies for Treatment of Bauxite Residues
Combined Decarbonizing Technologies for Treatment of Bauxite Residues Open
This study explores both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods for decarbonizing and recovering valuable metals from bauxite residue, with hydrogen plasma reduction and direct acid leaching as the primary approaches. The goal is…
View article: Microwave thermal treatment of industrial NMC 622 lithium-ion battery shredder and its influence on reaction products compared to conventional pyrolysis
Microwave thermal treatment of industrial NMC 622 lithium-ion battery shredder and its influence on reaction products compared to conventional pyrolysis Open
Thermal pre-treatment has been proven to be a relevant process step in lithium-ion battery recycling. The organic removal and phase transformations are beneficial for subsequent process steps. Recently, the innovative concept of microwave …
View article: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Molten Fluoride Electrolysis Composed of Raw and Magnet Recycling Derived Oxides: A Comparative Study
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Molten Fluoride Electrolysis Composed of Raw and Magnet Recycling Derived Oxides: A Comparative Study Open
In situ measurements of the chemical identity and quantity of anode gases during electrochemical measurements and rare earth (RE) electrolysis from fluoride-based molten salts composed of different kinds of rare earth oxides (REOs) were pe…
View article: Recovery of valuable metals from bauxite residue (BR) using decarbonizing technologies
Recovery of valuable metals from bauxite residue (BR) using decarbonizing technologies Open
Bauxite residue, also known as red mud (RM) is waste produced during alumina production in Bayer process. It is posing a significant threat to the enivorment due to its high alklalinity, fine particle size and complex structure various com…
View article: Leaching state prediction for battery black mass using online sensor data
Leaching state prediction for battery black mass using online sensor data Open
An innovative process monitoring strategy during battery black mass leaching, using correlation analysis, regression modeling, and mechanistic interpretation.
View article: Advances in understanding of reduction processes in extractive metallurgy
Advances in understanding of reduction processes in extractive metallurgy Open
Reduction processes at higher temperatures with carbon and hydrogen are widely used in industrial production of metal powders. Chemical reduction at lower temperatures usually involves the reduction of metal ions such as gold, silver and c…
View article: High-Pressure and High-Temperature Dissolution of Titanium from Titanium and Aluminum Residues: A Comparative Study
High-Pressure and High-Temperature Dissolution of Titanium from Titanium and Aluminum Residues: A Comparative Study Open
This study presents a comparative analysis of titanium leaching from tionite (a byproduct of the titanium dioxide production process) and carbothermally reduced red mud (derived from aluminum residues). Tionites from the sulfate process an…
View article: Enhancing Lithium Recovery from Slag Through Dry Forced Triboelectric Separation: A Sustainable Recycling Approach
Enhancing Lithium Recovery from Slag Through Dry Forced Triboelectric Separation: A Sustainable Recycling Approach Open
The increasing use of lithium-containing materials highlights the urgent need for their recycling to preserve resources and protect the environment. Lithium-containing slags, produced during the pyrometallurgical process in lithium-ion bat…
View article: Recovery of Samarium from Waste SmCo Magnets via Selective Precipitation with Ammonium Bicarbonate: Optimization of Process Efficiency
Recovery of Samarium from Waste SmCo Magnets via Selective Precipitation with Ammonium Bicarbonate: Optimization of Process Efficiency Open
SmCo magnets are a common material utilized in advanced technological applications. These magnets contain elevated concentrations of Sm and Co within their structural compositions. Given that both Sm and Co are classified as critical metal…
View article: Recovery of Titanium from Red Mud Using Carbothermic Reduction and High Pressure Leaching of the Slag in an Autoclave
Recovery of Titanium from Red Mud Using Carbothermic Reduction and High Pressure Leaching of the Slag in an Autoclave Open
Red mud is a by-product of alumina production, which is largely stored in landfills that can endanger the environment. Red mud, or bauxite residue, is a mixture of inorganic compounds of iron, aluminum, sodium, titanium, calcium and silico…
View article: Holistic Research for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling as Basis for a Sustainable Industrial Business
Holistic Research for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling as Basis for a Sustainable Industrial Business Open
An understanding of the global climate and technological progress are driving e-mobility forward worldwide [...]
View article: A Viability Study of Thermal Pre-Treatment for Recycling of Pharmaceutical Blisters
A Viability Study of Thermal Pre-Treatment for Recycling of Pharmaceutical Blisters Open
Pharmaceutical packaging is one of the most used packaging types which contains aluminum and plastics. Due to increasing amounts of waste and rising environmental concerns, recycling approaches are being investigated. Since blisters usuall…
View article: Recovery of samarium and cobalt/iron oxide from SmCo magnets through acid baking and water leaching
Recovery of samarium and cobalt/iron oxide from SmCo magnets through acid baking and water leaching Open
Rare earth elements (REEs) and cobalt (Co) are listed as critical raw materials because of their importance in global industrial production growth, high supply risk, and economic significance. The recovery of Co and REEs from secondary res…
View article: Synthesis of Titanium-Based Powders from Titanium Oxy-Sulfate Using Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method
Synthesis of Titanium-Based Powders from Titanium Oxy-Sulfate Using Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method Open
Submicron and nanosized powders have gained significant attention in recent decades due to their broad applicability in various fields. This work focuses on ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, an efficient and flexible method that employs an aeros…