Explanipedia

Using magnesium hydroxide for ocean alkalinity enhancement: elucidating the role of formation conditions on material properties and dissolution kinetics Open

Cody Shaw, Mallory Ringham, Brendan R. Carter, Michael D. Tyka, Matthew D. Eisaman · 2025

Mg(OH) 2 holds potential as an alkalinity source for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE). In this study, Mg(OH) 2 was produced via precipitation from the alkalinity exchange of NaOH addition into brine. Mineralogy characterization (XRD, EDS…

PyESPERv1.0.0: a Python implementation of empirical seawater property estimation routines (ESPERs) Open

Larissa M. Dias, Brendan R. Carter · 2025

This project produced a Python language implementation of locally interpolated regression (LIR) and neural network (NN) algorithms from empirical seawater property estimation routines (PyESPERv1.0.0). These routines estimate total alkalini…

Novel field trial for ocean alkalinity enhancement using electrochemically derived aqueous alkalinity Open

Allison M. Savoie, Mallory Ringham, Carolina Torres Sanchez, Brendan R. Carter, S. M. Dougherty , et al. · 2025

Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a proposed method of marine carbon dioxide removal that enhances the ocean’s uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and converts it to dissolved bicarbonate for long-term ocean storage. This method of …

Global Oceans Open

Gregory C. Johnson, Rick Lumpkin, B. D. Beckley, Ashley Bellas-Manley, Brendan R. Carter , et al. · 2025

Using Magnesium Hydroxide for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: Elucidating the Role of Formation Conditions on Material Properties and Dissolution Kinetics Open

Cody Shaw, Mallory Ringham, Brendan R. Carter, Michael D. Tyka, Matthew D. Eisaman · 2025

Comment on essd-2024-560 Open

Brendan R. Carter · 2025

Biological Responses to Ocean Acidification Are Changing the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle Open

Reese C. Barrett, Brendan R. Carter, Andrea J. Fassbender, Bronte Tilbrook, Ryan J. Woosley , et al. · 2025

Increased oceanic uptake of CO 2 due to rising anthropogenic emissions has caused lowered pH levels (ocean acidification) that are hypothesized to diminish biotic calcification and reduce the export of total alkalinity ( A T ) as carbonate…

Supporting Information for CO2 uptake in the Pacific from 1985 to 2018: a comparative assessment of observation-and model-based estimates Open

Masao Ishii, Brendan R. Carter, Katsuya Toyama, Keith B. Rodgers, Richard A. Feely , et al. · 2024

Mixing and dilution controls on marine CO2 removal using alkalinity enhancement Open

Tarang Khangaonkar, Brendan R. Carter, Lakshitha Premathilake, Su Kyong Yun, Wenfei Ni , et al. · 2024

Marine CO 2 removal (CDR) using enhanced-alkalinity seawater discharge was simulated in the estuarine waters of the Salish Sea, Washington, US. The high-alkalinity seawater would be generated using bipolar membrane electrodialysis technolo…

Global genomics ofAedes aegyptiunveils widespread and novel infectious viruses capable of triggering a small RNA response Open

Shruti Gupta, Rohit Sharma, Adeline E. Williams, Irma Sánchez-Vargas, Noah H. Rose , et al. · 2024

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a prominent vector for arboviruses, but the breadth of mosquito viruses that infects this specie is not fully understood. In the broadest global survey to date of over 200 Ae. aegypti small RNA samples, we det…

Comment on essd-2024-59 Open

Li‐Qing Jiang, Tim Boyer, Christopher R. Paver, Hyelim Yoo, James Reagan , et al. · 2024

Abstract. Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal…

Comment on egusphere-2024-108 Open

Mallory Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon , et al. · 2024

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) that leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to sequester atmospheric CO_2…

Comment on egusphere-2024-108 Open

Mallory Ringham, Nathan Hirtle, Cody Shaw, Xi Lu, Julian Herndon , et al. · 2024

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) that leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to sequester atmospheric CO_2…

Widespread and increasing near-bottom hypoxia in the coastal ocean off the United States Pacific Northwest Open

John A. Barth, Stephen D. Pierce, Brendan R. Carter, Francis Chan, A. Erofeev , et al. · 2024

Characterizing Subsurface Oxygen Variability in the California Current System (CCS) and Its Links to Water Mass Distribution Open

Cristina Schultz, John P. Dunne, Xiao Liu, Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Brendan R. Carter · 2024

The california current system (CCS) supports a wide array of ecosystem services with hypoxia historically occurring in near‐bottom waters. Limited open ocean data coverage hinders the mechanistic understanding of CCS oxygen variability. By…

Supplementary material to "The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product" Open

Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen , et al. · 2024

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables deter…

Amplified Subsurface Signals of Ocean Acidification Open

Andrea J. Fassbender, Brendan R. Carter, Jonathan D. Sharp, Yibin Huang, Mar C. Arroyo , et al. · 2023

We evaluate the impact of anthropogenic carbon ( C ant ) accumulation on multiple ocean acidification (OA) metrics throughout the water column and across the major ocean basins using the GLODAPv2.2016b mapped product. OA is largely conside…

Reply on AC1 Open

Katja Fennel, Matthew C. Long, Christopher K. Algar, Brendan R. Carter, David P. Keller , et al. · 2023

Abstract. The deliberate increase of ocean alkalinity (referred to as Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement or OAE) has been proposed as a method for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere. Before OAE can be implemented safely…

Global Oceans Open

Gregory C. Johnson, Rick Lumpkin, Chris Atkinson, Tiago Carrilho Biló, Tim Boyer , et al. · 2023

An unusual "triple-dip" La Niña, described in Sidebar 3.1, had continuing, wide-spread ramifications for the state of ocean and climate in 2022.Triple-dip La Niñas are not unprecedented, but until now have always followed an extreme El Niñ…

Introduction Open

Tim Boyer, Ellen Bartow-Gillies, A. Abida, Melanie Ades, R. F. Adler , et al. · 2023

—J. BLUNDEN, T. BOYER, AND E. BARTOW-GILLIES Earth’s global climate system is vast, complex, and intricately interrelated. Many areas are influenced by global-scale phenomena, including the “triple dip” La Niña conditions that prevailed in…

Comment on bg-2023-76 Open

Brendan R. Carter · 2023

Abstract. Since a pH sensor has become available that is suitable for this demanding autonomous measurement platform, the marine CO₂ system can be observed independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats. This…

Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon from 1994 to 2014 Open

Jens Daniel Müller, Nicolas Gruber, Brendan R. Carter, Richard A. Feely, Masao Ishii , et al. · 2023

The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) that humans have emitted into the atmosphere has been pivotal for limiting global warming. The transport of Cant from the surface into the ocean interior, where most of it is accumulating, is t…

Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon from 1994 to 2014 Open

Jens Daniel Müller, Nicolas Gruber, Brendan R. Carter, Richard A. Feely, Masao Ishii , et al. · 2023

The oceanic storage of anthropogenic CO (C) that humans have emitted into the atmosphere has been pivotal for counteracting climate change. Yet multi-decadal trends in the ocean interior storage of C have not been assessed at global scale.…

Evaluating the Evolving Ocean Acidification Risk to Dungeness Crab: Time-Series Observations and Modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA Open

Simone R. Alin, Samantha Siedlecki, Halle M. Berger, Richard A. Feely, J. E. Waddell , et al. · 2023

The state of Washington’s Olympic coast is home to four US coastal treaty tribes who have relied on the region’s rich marine resources since time immemorial. The region is characterized by large dynamic ranges of physical and biogeochemica…

Acidification of the Global Surface Ocean: What We Have Learned from Observations Open

Richard A. Feely, Li‐Qing Jiang, Rik Wanninkhof, Brendan R. Carter, Simone R. Alin , et al. · 2023

The chemistry of the global ocean is rapidly changing due to the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). This process, commonly referred to as ocean acidification (OA), is negatively impacting many marine species and ecosystems. In t…

PMEL’s Contribution to Observing and Analyzing Decadal Global Ocean Changes Through Sustained Repeat Hydrography Open

Zachary K. Erickson, Brendan R. Carter, Richard A. Feely, Gregory C. Johnson, Jonathan D. Sharp , et al. · 2023

The ocean is warming, acidifying, and losing oxygen. The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) carries out repeat hydrographic surveys along specified transects throughout all ocean basins to allow accurate …

Advancing best practices for assessing trends of ocean acidification time series Open

Adrienne J. Sutton, Roman Battisti, Brendan R. Carter, Wiley Evans, Jan Newton , et al. · 2022

Assessing the status of ocean acidification across ocean and coastal waters requires standardized procedures at all levels of data collection, dissemination, and analysis. Standardized procedures for assuring quality and accessibility of o…

Simulated Impact of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement on Atmospheric CO2 Removal in the Bering Sea Open

Hongjie Wang, Darren Pilcher, Kelly Kearney, Jessica Cross, O. Melissa Shugart , et al. · 2022

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has the potential to mitigate ocean acidification (OA) and induce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) removal (CDR). We evaluate the CDR and OA mitigation impacts of a sustained point‐source OAE of 1.67 × …

Supplementary material to "GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product" Open

Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen , et al. · 2022

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables deter…

Bering10K BEST_NPZ ROMS model: Carbon dioxide removal simulation output Open

Kelly Kearney, Honjie Wang, Darren Pilcher, Jessica Cross, O. Melissa Shugart , et al. · 2022

This dataset accompanies our manuscript: Wang H, Pilcher DJ, Kearney KA, Cross JN, Shugart OM, Eisaman MD, Carter BR. Simulated impact of ocean alkalinity enhancement on atmospheric CO2 removal in the Bering Sea. Submitted to Earth's Futur…

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