Brian R. Wasik
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View article: Distinct evolutionary patterns of endemic and emerging parvoviruses, and the origin of a new pandemic virus
Distinct evolutionary patterns of endemic and emerging parvoviruses, and the origin of a new pandemic virus Open
Emergence of epidemic viruses in new hosts threatens both human and animal populations, and often involves virus evolution to overcome barriers that normally prevent efficient infection and spread in that host. After transfer the separated…
View article: Cell binding, uptake, and infection of influenza A virus using recombinant antibody-based receptors
Cell binding, uptake, and infection of influenza A virus using recombinant antibody-based receptors Open
Human and avian influenza A viruses bind to sialic acid (Sia) receptors on cells as their primary receptors, and this results in endocytic uptake of the virus. While the role of Sia on glycoproteins and/or glycolipids for virus entry is cr…
View article: The evolution and epidemiology of H3N2 canine influenza virus after 20 years in dogs
The evolution and epidemiology of H3N2 canine influenza virus after 20 years in dogs Open
The H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from an avian reservoir in Asia to circulate entirely among dogs for the last 20 years. The virus was first seen circulating outside Asian dog populations in 2015, in North America. Utilizing v…
View article: Cell binding, uptake and infection of influenza A virus using recombinant antibody-based receptors
Cell binding, uptake and infection of influenza A virus using recombinant antibody-based receptors Open
Human and avian influenza A viruses bind to sialic acid (Sia) receptors on cells as their primary receptors, and this results in endocytic uptake of the virus. While the role of Sia on glycoproteins and/or glycolipids for virus entry is cr…
View article: The Evolution and Epidemiology of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus After 20 Years in Dogs
The Evolution and Epidemiology of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus After 20 Years in Dogs Open
The H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from an avian reservoir in Asia around 2004. As the virus has now been circulating entirely among dogs for 20 years, we here update our understanding of the evolution of virus in its new host. …
View article: Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses
Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses Open
Cross-species virus transmission events can lead to dire public health emergencies in the form of epidemics and pandemics. One example in animals is the emergence of the H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV), first isolated in 1963 in Miami, F…
View article: Viral Capsid, Antibody, and Receptor Interactions: Experimental Analysis of the Antibody Escape Evolution of Canine Parvovirus
Viral Capsid, Antibody, and Receptor Interactions: Experimental Analysis of the Antibody Escape Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Open
Antibodies protect animals against infection by many different viruses and other pathogens, and we are gaining new information about the epitopes that induce antibody responses against viruses and the structures of the bound antibodies. Ho…
View article: Understanding the Divergent Evolution and Epidemiology of H3N8 Influenza Viruses in Dogs and Horses
Understanding the Divergent Evolution and Epidemiology of H3N8 Influenza Viruses in Dogs and Horses Open
Cross-species virus transmission events can lead to dire public health emergencies in the form of epidemics and pandemics. One example in animals is the emergence of the H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV), first isolated in 1963 in Miami, F…
View article: A21 ROLE OF SIALIC ACID O-ACETYLATION IN MAINTAINING MUCUS INTEGRITY AND HOMEOSTASIS OF THE COLONIC MUCOSA
A21 ROLE OF SIALIC ACID O-ACETYLATION IN MAINTAINING MUCUS INTEGRITY AND HOMEOSTASIS OF THE COLONIC MUCOSA Open
Background The mucus network provides innate immune defense to protect our gastrointestinal tract from pathogens, and promote homeostasis with our resident microbiota. This network is constituted by the mucin MUC2 (Muc2 in mouse), which is…
View article: Single Particle Analysis of H3N2 Influenza Entry Differentiates the Impact of the Sialic Acids (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc) on Virus Binding and Membrane Fusion
Single Particle Analysis of H3N2 Influenza Entry Differentiates the Impact of the Sialic Acids (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc) on Virus Binding and Membrane Fusion Open
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections continue to threaten human health, causing over 300,000 deaths yearly. IAV infection is initiated by the binding of influenza glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) to host cell sialic acids (Sias) and the subse…
View article: Viral capsid, antibody, and receptor interactions: experimental analysis of the antibody escape evolution of canine parvovirus
Viral capsid, antibody, and receptor interactions: experimental analysis of the antibody escape evolution of canine parvovirus Open
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a small non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus that causes serious diseases in dogs worldwide. The original strain of the virus (CPV-2) emerged in dogs during the late-1970s due to a host range switch of a virus…
View article: Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome
Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome Open
Glycans that are abundantly displayed on vertebrate cell surface and secreted molecules are often capped with terminal sialic acids (Sias). These diverse 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides are involved in numerous intrinsic biological proce…
View article: Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome
Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome Open
Glycans that are abundantly displayed on vertebrate cell surface and secreted molecules are often capped with terminal sialic acids (Sias). These diverse 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides are involved in numerous intrinsic biological proce…
View article: Reversible <i>O</i>-Acetyl Migration within the Sialic Acid Side Chain and Its Influence on Protein Recognition
Reversible <i>O</i>-Acetyl Migration within the Sialic Acid Side Chain and Its Influence on Protein Recognition Open
O-Acetylation is a common naturally occurring modification of carbohydrates and is especially widespread in sialic acids, a family of nine-carbon acidic monosaccharides. O-Acetyl migration within the exocyclic glycerol-like side chain of m…
View article: Method comparison of targeted influenza A virus typing and whole-genome sequencing from respiratory specimens of companion animals
Method comparison of targeted influenza A virus typing and whole-genome sequencing from respiratory specimens of companion animals Open
Epidemics of H3N8 and H3N2 influenza A viruses (IAVs) in dogs, along with recognition of spillover infections from IAV strains typically found in humans or other animals, have emphasized the importance of efficient laboratory testing. Give…
View article: Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses.
Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses. Open
The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses…
Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses Open
The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses…
View article: Influenza A viruses serially passaged in different MDCK cell lines exhibit limited sequence variation across their genomes, with the exception of the hemagglutinin gene
Influenza A viruses serially passaged in different MDCK cell lines exhibit limited sequence variation across their genomes, with the exception of the hemagglutinin gene Open
New methods for deep sequence analysis provide an opportunity to follow the emergence and dynamics of virus mutations in real time. Although viruses are commonly grown in cell culture for research and for vaccine development, the cells use…
View article: Modified Sialic Acids on Mucus and Erythrocytes Inhibit Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Functions
Modified Sialic Acids on Mucus and Erythrocytes Inhibit Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Functions Open
Sialic acids (Sia) are involved in numerous different cellular functions and are receptors for many pathogens. Sia come in chemically modified forms, but we lack a clear understanding of how they alter interactions with microbes. Here, we …
View article: Canine and Feline Influenza
Canine and Feline Influenza Open
Influenza virus infections of carnivores-primarily in dogs and in large and small cats-have been repeatedly observed to be caused by a number of direct spillovers of avian viruses or in infections by human or swine viruses. In addition, th…
View article: Expression of 9- <i>O</i> - and 7,9- <i>O</i> -Acetyl Modified Sialic Acid in Cells and Their Effects on Influenza Viruses
Expression of 9- <i>O</i> - and 7,9- <i>O</i> -Acetyl Modified Sialic Acid in Cells and Their Effects on Influenza Viruses Open
Sialic acids are key glycans that are involved in many different normal cellular functions, as well as being receptors for many pathogens. However, Sia come in diverse chemically modified forms. Here, we examined and manipulated the expres…
View article: Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation
Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation Open
Mice are commonly used as a model to study the growth and virulence of influenza A viruses in mammals but are not a natural host and have distinct sialic acid receptor profiles compared to humans. Using experimental infections with differe…
View article: Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover?
Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover? Open
The critical step in the emergence of a new epidemic or pandemic viral pathogen occurs after it infects the initial spillover host and then is successfully transmitted onwards, causing an outbreak chain of transmission within that new host…
View article: Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation
Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation Open
Influenza A viruses have regularly jumped to new hosts to cause epidemics or pandemics, an evolutionary process that involves variation in the viral traits necessary to overcome host barriers and facilitate transmission. Mice are not a nat…
View article: Expression of 9-O- and 7,9-O-acetyl modified sialic acid in cells and their effects on influenza viruses
Expression of 9-O- and 7,9-O-acetyl modified sialic acid in cells and their effects on influenza viruses Open
Sialic acids (Sia) are widely displayed on the surfaces of cells and tissues. Sia come in a variety of chemically modified forms, including those with acetyl modifications at the C7, C8, and C9 positions. Here, we analyzed the distribution…
View article: Distribution of O-Acetylated Sialic Acids among Target Host Tissues for Influenza Virus
Distribution of O-Acetylated Sialic Acids among Target Host Tissues for Influenza Virus Open
Sialic acids (Sias) are key glycans that control or modulate many normal cell and tissue functions while also interacting with a variety of pathogens, including many different viruses. Sias are naturally displayed in a variety of different…
View article: Sex differences in 20-hydroxyecdysone hormone levels control sexual dimorphism in<i>Bicyclus anynana</i>butterfly wing patterns
Sex differences in 20-hydroxyecdysone hormone levels control sexual dimorphism in<i>Bicyclus anynana</i>butterfly wing patterns Open
Summary In contrast to the important role of hormones in the development of sexual dimorphic traits in vertebrates [1], the differentiation of these traits in insects is attributed exclusively to variation in cell-autonomous mechanisms con…