Bruce E. Kirkpatrick
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View article: Nuclei sense complex tissue shape and direct intestinal stem cell fate
Nuclei sense complex tissue shape and direct intestinal stem cell fate Open
Tissue architecture and function are influenced by mechanical cues. Yet, how cell nuclei sense forces within 3D tissues and dictate differentiation remains unknown as prior studies focused on isolated mesenchymal cells, which fail to fully…
View article: Monitoring of Allograft Adaptation After Kidney Transplantation in Pediatric Patients by Targeted Plasma Metabolomics
Monitoring of Allograft Adaptation After Kidney Transplantation in Pediatric Patients by Targeted Plasma Metabolomics Open
End-stage kidney disease is preferably treated by kidney transplantation. The function of the allograft often determines kidney-controlled processes and requires long-term monitoring. Kidneys are organs with a very high metabolic rate, and…
View article: Fully Synthetic Hydrogels Promote Robust Crypt Formation in Intestinal Organoids
Fully Synthetic Hydrogels Promote Robust Crypt Formation in Intestinal Organoids Open
Initial landmark studies in the design of synthetic hydrogels for intestinal organoid culture identify precise matrix requirements for differentiation, namely decompression of matrix‐imposed forces and supplementation of laminin. But beyon…
View article: Digital light processing of photoresponsive and programmable hydrogels
Digital light processing of photoresponsive and programmable hydrogels Open
Light-mediated manipulation of hydrogel physicochemical properties is attractive for numerous applications, yet the processing of such hydrogels via vat photopolymerization [e.g., digital light processing (DLP)] is challenging as photoresp…
View article: Anisotropic Liquid Crystalline Hydrogels Direct 2D and 3D Myoblast Alignment
Anisotropic Liquid Crystalline Hydrogels Direct 2D and 3D Myoblast Alignment Open
Tissue development and regeneration are governed by processes that span subcellular signaling, cell‐cell interactions, and the integrated mechanical properties of cellular collectives with their extracellular matrix. Synthetic biomaterials…
View article: PTEN Regulates Myofibroblast Activation in Valvular Interstitial Cells Based on Subcellular Localization
PTEN Regulates Myofibroblast Activation in Valvular Interstitial Cells Based on Subcellular Localization Open
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is characterized by altered mechanics of the valve leaflets, which disrupts blood flow through the aorta and can cause left ventricle hypotrophy. These changes in the valve tissue result in the activation of res…
View article: Structure–reactivity based control of radical-mediated degradation in thiol–Michael hydrogels
Structure–reactivity based control of radical-mediated degradation in thiol–Michael hydrogels Open
We report radical-mediated degradation of hydrogels formed by thiol–Michael addition of acrylates and vinyl sulfones and explore the variable susceptibility to free-radical polymerization and hydrolytic stability of these crosslinkers.
View article: Multifunctional dithiolane monomers for multi-scale, recyclable light-driven additive manufacturing
Multifunctional dithiolane monomers for multi-scale, recyclable light-driven additive manufacturing Open
Multifunctional dithiolane monomers were prepared, polymerized, printed across multiple length scales, and recycled.
View article: Photodegradable polyacrylamide tanglemers enable spatiotemporal control over chain lengthening in high-strength and low-hysteresis hydrogels
Photodegradable polyacrylamide tanglemers enable spatiotemporal control over chain lengthening in high-strength and low-hysteresis hydrogels Open
Polyacrylamide tanglemers with photodegradable crosslinkers afford spatiotemporal control over the stability of entanglement-trapping crosslinks, influencing regional swelling and increased extensibility via chain lengthening.
View article: Synthetic Photoresponsive Hydrogels Enable In Situ Control Over Murine Intestinal Monolayer Differentiation and Crypt Formation
Synthetic Photoresponsive Hydrogels Enable In Situ Control Over Murine Intestinal Monolayer Differentiation and Crypt Formation Open
As a model of the intestinal epithelium, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are grown and differentiated as monolayers on materials where stochastic organization of the crypt and villi cells occurs. An allyl sulfide crosslinked photoresponsive h…
View article: Diverse reactivity of maleimides in polymer science and beyond
Diverse reactivity of maleimides in polymer science and beyond Open
Maleimides are remarkably versatile functional groups, capable of participating in homo‐ and copolymerizations, Diels–Alder and (photo)cycloadditions, Michael additions, and other reactions. Their reactivity has afforded materials ranging …
View article: Ligand presentation controls collective MSC response to matrix stress relaxation in hybrid PEG-HA hydrogels
Ligand presentation controls collective MSC response to matrix stress relaxation in hybrid PEG-HA hydrogels Open
Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence intracellular signaling pathways related to proliferation, differentiation, and secretion, amongst other functions. Herein, bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs…
View article: Photochemical Control of Network Topology in PEG Hydrogels
Photochemical Control of Network Topology in PEG Hydrogels Open
Hydrogels are often synthesized through photoinitiated step‐, chain‐, and mixed‐mode polymerizations, generating diverse network topologies and resultant material properties that depend on the underlying network connectivity. While many ph…
View article: Fully synthetic hydrogels promote robust crypt formation in intestinal organoids
Fully synthetic hydrogels promote robust crypt formation in intestinal organoids Open
Initial landmark studies in the design of synthetic hydrogels for intestinal organoid culture identified precise matrix requirements for differentiation, namely decompression of matrix-imposed forces and supplementation of laminin. But bey…
View article: PTEN Regulates Myofibroblast Activation in Valvular Interstitial Cells based on Subcellular Localization
PTEN Regulates Myofibroblast Activation in Valvular Interstitial Cells based on Subcellular Localization Open
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is characterized by altered mechanics of the valve leaflets, which disrupts blood flow through the aorta and can cause left ventricle hypotrophy. These changes in the valve tissue result in activation of residen…
View article: Stiffness anisotropy coordinates supracellular contractility driving long-range myotube-ECM alignment
Stiffness anisotropy coordinates supracellular contractility driving long-range myotube-ECM alignment Open
The ability of cells to organize into tissues with proper structure and function requires the effective coordination of proliferation, migration, polarization, and differentiation across length scales. Skeletal muscle is innately anisotrop…
View article: Radical‐Mediated Degradation of Thiol–Maleimide Hydrogels
Radical‐Mediated Degradation of Thiol–Maleimide Hydrogels Open
Michael addition between thiol‐ and maleimide‐functionalized molecules is a long‐standing approach used for bioconjugation, hydrogel crosslinking, and the functionalization of other advanced materials. While the simplicity of this chemistr…
View article: Nonlinear Elastic Bottlebrush Polymer Hydrogels Modulate Actomyosin Mediated Protrusion Formation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Nonlinear Elastic Bottlebrush Polymer Hydrogels Modulate Actomyosin Mediated Protrusion Formation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Open
The nonlinear elasticity of many tissue-specific extracellular matrices is difficult to recapitulate without the use of fibrous architectures, which couple strain-stiffening with stress relaxation. Herein, bottlebrush polymers are synthesi…
View article: Reversible Intracellular Gelation of MCF10A Cells Enables Programmable Control Over 3D Spheroid Growth
Reversible Intracellular Gelation of MCF10A Cells Enables Programmable Control Over 3D Spheroid Growth Open
In nature, some organisms survive extreme environments by inducing a biostatic state wherein cellular contents are effectively vitrified. Recently, a synthetic biostatic state in mammalian cells is achieved via intracellular network format…
View article: Facile Physicochemical Reprogramming of PEG‐Dithiolane Microgels
Facile Physicochemical Reprogramming of PEG‐Dithiolane Microgels Open
Granular biomaterials have found widespread applications in tissue engineering, in part because of their inherent porosity, tunable properties, injectability, and 3D printability. However, the assembly of granular hydrogels typically relie…
View article: Stiffness anisotropy coordinates supracellular contractility driving long-range myotube-ECM alignment
Stiffness anisotropy coordinates supracellular contractility driving long-range myotube-ECM alignment Open
Summary In skeletal muscle tissue, injury-related changes in stiffness activate muscle stem cells through mechanosensitive signaling pathways. Functional muscle tissue regeneration also requires the effective coordination of myoblast proli…
View article: Photoinduced Dithiolane Crosslinking for Multiresponsive Dynamic Hydrogels
Photoinduced Dithiolane Crosslinking for Multiresponsive Dynamic Hydrogels Open
While many hydrogels are elastic networks crosslinked by covalent bonds, viscoelastic hydrogels with adaptable crosslinks are increasingly being developed to better recapitulate time and position‐dependent processes found in many tissues. …
View article: In situ modulation of intestinal organoid epithelial curvature through photoinduced viscoelasticity directs crypt morphogenesis
In situ modulation of intestinal organoid epithelial curvature through photoinduced viscoelasticity directs crypt morphogenesis Open
Spatiotemporally coordinated transformations in epithelial curvature are necessary to generate crypt-villus structures during intestinal development. However, the temporal regulation of mechanotransduction pathways that drive crypt morphog…
View article: Surface‐Enforced Alignment of Reprogrammable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Surface‐Enforced Alignment of Reprogrammable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers Open
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are stimuli‐responsive materials capable of undergoing large deformations. The thermomechanical response of LCEs is attributable to the coupling of polymer network properties and disruption of order bet…
View article: 4D Printing of Extrudable and Degradable Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Microgel Scaffolds for Multidimensional Cell Culture
4D Printing of Extrudable and Degradable Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Microgel Scaffolds for Multidimensional Cell Culture Open
Granular synthetic hydrogels are useful bioinks for their compatibility with a variety of chemistries, affording printable, stimuli‐responsive scaffolds with programmable structure and function. Additive manufacturing of microscale hydroge…
View article: Osteopontin activity modulates sex‐specific calcification in engineered valve tissue mimics
Osteopontin activity modulates sex‐specific calcification in engineered valve tissue mimics Open
Patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) have sexually dimorphic phenotypes in their valve tissue, where male valvular tissue adopts a calcified phenotype and female tissue becomes more fibrotic. The molecular mechanisms that regulate sex…
View article: Intracellular Crowding by Bio‐Orthogonal Hydrogel Formation Induces Reversible Molecular Stasis
Intracellular Crowding by Bio‐Orthogonal Hydrogel Formation Induces Reversible Molecular Stasis Open
To survive extreme conditions, certain animals enter a reversible protective stasis through vitrification of the cytosol by polymeric molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. In this work, synthetic gelation of the cytosol in living…