Explanipedia

Local-time Variations In The Jovian System And Possible Connections To Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions Open

Marie Devinat, Zhi‐Yang Liu, Michel Blanc, Yuki Nakamura, Yuxian Wang , et al. · 2025

Many current models of plasma transport in the Jovian equatorial plasma disk (magnetodisk) consider it to be azimuthally symmetric over radial distances extending from the outer edge of the Io torus (6 Jovian radii) to about 50 Jovian radi…

Confronting the Convective Gray Zone in the Global Configuration of the Met Office Unified Model Open

Lorenzo Tomassini, Martin Willett, Alistair Sellar, Adrian Lock, David Walters , et al. · 2023

In atmospheric models with kilometer‐scale grids the resolution approaches the scale of convection. As a consequence the most energetic eddies in the atmosphere are partially resolved and partially unresolved. The modeling challenge to rep…

Representation of land–atmosphere coupling processes over Africa in coupled model intercomparison project Phase 6 Open

Anthony Mwanthi, Joseph Mutemi, Ellen Dyer, Rachel James, Franklin J. Opijah , et al. · 2023

Climate models are useful tools for monthly to decadal prediction of the evolution of climate. This study assesses how CMIP6 models represent soil moisture-latent heat regimes and coupling processes between the land and atmosphere. Metrics…

Confronting the convective gray zone in the global configuration of the Met Office Unified Model Open

Lorenzo Tomassini, Martin Willett, Alistair Sellar, Adrian Lock, David Walters , et al. · 2022

In atmospheric models with kilometer-scale grids the resolution approaches the scale of convection. As a consequence the most energetic eddies in the atmosphere are partially resolved and partially unresolved. The modeling challenge to rep…

Future Changes in African Heatwaves and Their Drivers at the Convective Scale Open

Cathryn E. Birch, Lawrence Jackson, D Finney, John H. Marsham, R. A. Stratton , et al. · 2022

The future change in dry and humid heatwaves is assessed in 10-yr pan-African convective-scale (4.5 km) and parameterized convection (25 km) climate model simulations. Compared to reanalysis, the convective-scale simulation is better able …

Future changes in African heatwaves and their drivers at the convective scale Open

Cathryn E. Birch, Lawrence Jackson, D Finney, John H. Marsham, R. A. Stratton , et al. · 2022

<p>The future change in dry and humid heatwaves is assessed in 10 year pan-African convective scale (4.5km) and parameterised convection (25km) climate model simulations. Compared to reanalysis, the convective scale simulation is bet…

Representation of Land-Atmosphere Coupling Processes Over Africa in CMIP6 Models Open

Anthony Mwanthi, Joseph Mutemi, Ellen Dyer, Rachel James, Franklin J. Opijah , et al. · 2022

Climate models are useful tools that aid in short to long term prediction of the evolution of climate. In this study we assess how CMIP6 models represent coupling between processes over the land and atmosphere, based on terrestrial and atm…

Future changes in heatwaves over Africa at the convection-permitting scale Open

Cathryn E. Birch, Lawrence Jackson, D Finney, John H. Marsham, R. A. Stratton , et al. · 2021

<p>Mean temperatures and their extremes have increased over Africa since the latter half of the 20th century and this trend is projected to continue, with very frequent, intense and often deadly heatwaves likely to occur very regular…

Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Change Simulations for Understanding Future Climate and Informing Decision-Making in Africa Open

C. A. Senior, John H. Marsham, Ségolène Berthou, Laura Burgin, Sonja Folwell , et al. · 2021

Pan-Africa convection-permitting regional climate model simulations have been performed to study the impact of high resolution and the explicit representation of atmospheric moist convection on the present and future climate of Africa. The…

Greater Future U.K. Winter Precipitation Increase in New Convection-Permitting Scenarios Open

Elizabeth Kendon, Nigel Roberts, Giorgia Fosser, Gill Martin, Adrian Lock , et al. · 2020

For the first time, a model at a resolution on par with operational weather forecast models has been used for national climate scenarios. An ensemble of 12 climate change projections at convection-permitting (2.2 km) scale has been run for…

Context for interpreting equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response from the CMIP6 Earth system models Open

Gerald A. Meehl, C. A. Senior, Veronika Eyring, Gregory M. Flato, Jean‐François Lamarque , et al. · 2020

A historical context is provided for interpreting the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR).

U.K. Community Earth System Modeling for CMIP6 Open

C. A. Senior, Colin Jones, Richard Wood, Alistair Sellar, Stephen E. Belcher , et al. · 2020

We describe the approach taken to develop the United Kingdom's first community Earth system model, UKESM1. This is a joint effort involving the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), representing the U.K. academic …

Forcings, Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity in HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and UKESM1 Open

Timothy Andrews, Martin B. Andrews, Alejandro Bodas‐Salcedo, Gareth S. Jones, Till Kuhlbrodt , et al. · 2019

Climate forcing, sensitivity, and feedback metrics are evaluated in both the United Kingdom's physical climate model HadGEM3‐GC3.1 at low (‐LL) and medium (‐MM) resolution and the United Kingdom's Earth System Model UKESM1. The effective c…

The Impact of Prescribed Ozone in Climate Projections Run With HadGEM3‐GC3.1 Open

Steven C. Hardiman, Martin B. Andrews, Timothy Andrews, Andrew C. Bushell, Nick Dunstone , et al. · 2019

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 protocol suggests prescribing preindustrial ozone concentrations in abrupt‐4xCO2 simulations. This leads to a mismatch between the thermal tropopause, which rises due to climate change, and the o…

Regional Differences in the Response of Rainfall to Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves over Tropical Africa Open

Lawrence Jackson, Richard J. Keane, D Finney, John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker , et al. · 2019

The representation of convection remains one of the most important sources of bias in global models, and evaluation methods are needed that show that models provide the correct mean state and variability, both for the correct reasons. Here…

Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale Open

Elizabeth Kendon, R. A. Stratton, Simon Tucker, John H. Marsham, Ségolène Berthou , et al. · 2019

African society is particularly vulnerable to climate change. The representation of convection in climate models has so far restricted our ability to accurately simulate African weather extremes, limiting climate change predictions. Here w…

Implications of Improved Representation of Convection for the East Africa Water Budget Using a Convection-Permitting Model Open

D Finney, John H. Marsham, Lawrence Jackson, Elizabeth Kendon, David P. Rowell , et al. · 2019

The precipitation and diabatic heating resulting from moist convection make it a key component of the atmospheric water budget in the tropics. With convective parameterization being a known source of uncertainty in global models, convectio…

Storylines: an alternative approach to representing uncertainty in physical aspects of climate change Open

Theodore G. Shepherd, Emily Boyd, Raphael Calel, S. C. Chapman, Suraje Dessai , et al. · 2018

The Benefits of Global High Resolution for Climate Simulation: Process Understanding and the Enabling of Stakeholder Decisions at the Regional Scale Open

Malcolm Roberts, Pier Luigi Vidale, C. A. Senior, Helene T. Hewitt, C. P. Bates , et al. · 2018

The time scales of the Paris Climate Agreement indicate urgent action is required on climate policies over the next few decades, in order to avoid the worst risks posed by climate change. On these relatively short time scales the combined …

A Pan-African Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation with the Met Office Unified Model: CP4-Africa Open

R. A. Stratton, C. A. Senior, Simon Vosper, Sonja Folwell, Ian Boutle , et al. · 2018

A convection-permitting multiyear regional climate simulation using the Met Office Unified Model has been run for the first time on an Africa-wide domain. The model has been run as part of the Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) Improving Mod…

High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 Open

Rein Haarsma, Malcolm Roberts, Pier Luigi Vidale, C. A. Senior, Alessio Bellucci , et al. · 2016

Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. The role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improv…

CMIP5 Scientific Gaps and Recommendations for CMIP6 Open

Ronald J. Stouffer, Veronika Eyring, Gerald Meehl, Sandrine Bony, C. A. Senior , et al. · 2016

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is an ongoing coordinated international activity of numerical experimentation of unprecedented scope and impact on climate science. Its most recent phase, the fifth phase (CMIP5), has create…

Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization Open

Veronika Eyring, Sandrine Bony, Gerald A. Meehl, C. A. Senior, Björn Stevens , et al. · 2016

By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. Howe…

Idealized climate change simulations with a high‐resolution physical model: HadGEM3‐GC2 Open

C. A. Senior, Timothy Andrews, Chantelle Burton, Robin Chadwick, Dan Copsey , et al. · 2016

Idealized climate change simulations with a new physical climate model, HadGEM3‐GC2 from The Met Office Hadley Centre are presented and contrasted with the earlier MOHC model, HadGEM2‐ES. The role of atmospheric resolution is also investig…

High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) Open

Rein Haarsma, Malcolm Roberts, Pier Luigi Vidale, C. A. Senior, Alessio Bellucci , et al. · 2016

Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. The role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improv…

Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organisation Open

Veronika Eyring, Sandrine Bony, Gerald A. Meehl, C. A. Senior, Björn Stevens , et al. · 2015

By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. Howev…

Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance? Open

David P. Rowell, C. A. Senior, Michael Vellinga, Richard Graham · 2015

Projections of climate change over Africa are highly uncertain, with wide disparity amongst models in their magnitude of local rainfall and temperature change, and in some regions even disparity in the sign of rainfall change. This has sig…

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