Sriram Balasubramanian
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View article: Predicting pulmonary function using thoracic deformity parameters in early onset scoliosis patients
Predicting pulmonary function using thoracic deformity parameters in early onset scoliosis patients Open
Introduction Thoracospinal deformities in early onset scoliosis (EOS) patients often lead to thoracic insufficiency syndrome, in which respiration or lung growth is impaired. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are used to assess pulmonary def…
View article: SpurLens: Automatic Detection of Spurious Cues in Multimodal LLMs
SpurLens: Automatic Detection of Spurious Cues in Multimodal LLMs Open
Unimodal vision models are known to rely on spurious correlations, but it remains unclear to what extent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit similar biases despite language supervision. In this paper, we investigate spurious b…
View article: Experimental Biomechanics of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injuries Using a Piglet Model
Experimental Biomechanics of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injuries Using a Piglet Model Open
Background: A brachial plexus avulsion occurs when the nerve root separates from the spinal cord during birthing trauma, such as shoulder dystocia or a difficult vaginal delivery. A complete paralysis of the affected levels occurs post-bra…
View article: The Efficacy of Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training and Neurotrophin-Releasing Scaffold in Minimizing Bone Loss Following Spinal Cord Injury
The Efficacy of Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training and Neurotrophin-Releasing Scaffold in Minimizing Bone Loss Following Spinal Cord Injury Open
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to significant bone loss below the level of the lesion increasing the risk of fracture and increased morbidity. Body-weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and transplantation strategies using neurotr…
View article: Predicting radiographic outcomes of vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients using machine learning
Predicting radiographic outcomes of vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients using machine learning Open
Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering (AVBT) is a growing alternative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), offering an option besides spinal fusion. While AVBT aims to correct spinal deformity through growth correction, its out…
View article: Optimizing Business Operations in Sports Tech Startups: Lessons from the Field
Optimizing Business Operations in Sports Tech Startups: Lessons from the Field Open
The growth of startups has played a major role in the overall world economy. Startups have created an impact in each and everybody’s life and has grown to an extent which no one can ever imagine. For instance, Amazon was started in the gar…
View article: Studying the Effects of Shoulder Dystocia and Neonate-Focused Delivery Maneuvers on Brachial Plexus Strain: A Computational Study
Studying the Effects of Shoulder Dystocia and Neonate-Focused Delivery Maneuvers on Brachial Plexus Strain: A Computational Study Open
The purpose of this computational study was to investigate the effects of neonate-focused clinical delivery maneuvers on brachial plexus (BP) during shoulder dystocia. During shoulder dystocia, the anterior shoulder of the neonate is obstr…
View article: In vivo biomechanical responses of neonatal brachial plexus when subjected to stretch
In vivo biomechanical responses of neonatal brachial plexus when subjected to stretch Open
Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) results from over-stretching of the neonatal brachial plexus during complicated birthing scenarios. The lack of information on the biomechanical response of the neonatal brachial plexus complex when su…
View article: Isolation and Screening of Probiotic Bacteria from the Gut of Polychaetes as a Probiotic Potential for Fish Aquaculture
Isolation and Screening of Probiotic Bacteria from the Gut of Polychaetes as a Probiotic Potential for Fish Aquaculture Open
In the present study, a total of 17 morphologically different gut-associated bacteria were isolated from four species of estuarine polychaetes: polychaetes Capitella capitata, Scalibregma inflatum, Dendronereis aesturiana, and Namalycastis…
View article: In vitro coupled motions of the whole human thoracic and lumbar spine with rib cage
In vitro coupled motions of the whole human thoracic and lumbar spine with rib cage Open
Study design In vitro biomechanical study investigating the coupled motions of the whole normative human thoracic spine (TS) and lumbar spine (LS) with rib cage. Objective To quantify the region‐specific coupled motion patterns and magnitu…
View article: Patient-specific finite element modeling of scoliotic curve progression using region-specific stress-modulated vertebral growth
Patient-specific finite element modeling of scoliotic curve progression using region-specific stress-modulated vertebral growth Open
Purpose This study describes the creation of patient-specific (PS) osteo-ligamentous finite element (FE) models of the spine, ribcage, and pelvis, simulation of up to three years of region-specific, stress-modulated growth, and validation …
View article: Predicting curve progression for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using random forest model
Predicting curve progression for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using random forest model Open
Background Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional (3D) spinal deformity characterized by coronal curvature and rotational deformity. Predicting curve progression is important for the selection and timing of treatment.…
View article: Effects of Prestretch on Neonatal Peripheral Nerve: An In Vitro Study
Effects of Prestretch on Neonatal Peripheral Nerve: An In Vitro Study Open
Background Characterizing the biomechanical failure responses of neonatal peripheral nerves is critical in understanding stretch-related peripheral nerve injury mechanisms in neonates. Objective This in vitro study investigated the effects…
View article: In-vitro stress relaxation response of neonatal peripheral nerves
In-vitro stress relaxation response of neonatal peripheral nerves Open
Characterizing the viscoelastic behavior of neonatal peripheral nerves is critical in understanding stretch-related peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) in neonates. This study investigated the in-vitro viscoelastic stress relaxation response …
View article: A Systematic Review of the Tensile Biomechanical Properties of the Neonatal Brachial Plexus
A Systematic Review of the Tensile Biomechanical Properties of the Neonatal Brachial Plexus Open
Brachial plexus (BP) birth injury has a reported incidence of 1 to 4 per 1000 live births. During complicated deliveries, neonatal, maternal, and other birth-related factors can cause over-stretching or avulsion of the neonatal brachial pl…
View article: An In Vitro Study to Investigate Biomechanical Responses of Peripheral Nerves in Hypoxic Neonatal Piglets
An In Vitro Study to Investigate Biomechanical Responses of Peripheral Nerves in Hypoxic Neonatal Piglets Open
Despite occurrence of neonatal hypoxia and peripheral nerve injuries in complicated birthing scenarios, the effect of hypoxia on the biomechanical responses of neonatal peripheral nerves is not studied. In this study, neonatal brachial ple…
View article: Part 2. Review and meta‐analysis of studies on modulation of longitudinal bone growth and growth plate activity: A micro‐scale perspective
Part 2. Review and meta‐analysis of studies on modulation of longitudinal bone growth and growth plate activity: A micro‐scale perspective Open
Macro‐scale changes in longitudinal bone growth resulting from mechanical loading were shown in Part 1 of this review to depend on load magnitude, anatomical location, and species. While no significant effect on longitudinal growth was obs…
View article: Part 1. Review and meta‐analysis of studies on modulation of longitudinal bone growth and growth plate activity: A macro‐scale perspective
Part 1. Review and meta‐analysis of studies on modulation of longitudinal bone growth and growth plate activity: A macro‐scale perspective Open
Growth modulation is an emerging method for treatment of angular skeletal deformities such as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The Hueter‐Volkmann law, by which growth is stimulated in tension and inhibited in compression, is widely …
View article: The association between early impairment in cerebral autoregulation and outcome in a pediatric swine model of cardiac arrest
The association between early impairment in cerebral autoregulation and outcome in a pediatric swine model of cardiac arrest Open
CAR is impaired early after ROSC. A greater burden of CAR impairment measured by CBFx was associated with abnormal neurologic outcome.CHOP Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 19-001327.
View article: Thoracic vertebral morphology in normal and scoliosis deformity in skeletally immature rabbits: A Longitudinal study
Thoracic vertebral morphology in normal and scoliosis deformity in skeletally immature rabbits: A Longitudinal study Open
Objective To measure age‐related changes in thoracic vertebral body heights (VBH) in skeletally immature normative and scoliotic rabbits to assess how VBH change during growth. To examine the potential link between the moment‐arm of the ri…
View article: Using Virtual Reality in Biomedical Engineering Education
Using Virtual Reality in Biomedical Engineering Education Open
This study explored virtual reality (VR) as an educational tool to offer immersive and experiential learning environments to biomedical engineering (BME) students. VR and traditional two-dimensional (2D) videos were created and used to tea…
View article: Prediction of Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering Outcomes with Patient-Specific Finite Element Modelling
Prediction of Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering Outcomes with Patient-Specific Finite Element Modelling Open
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a 3D deformity of the spine, with a progressive lateral curvature and axial rotation. It affects 1-3% of the 10-16-year-old population in the United States. Anterior Vertebral body tethering (AVBT) …
View article: What's in a Name? Are BERT Named Entity Representations just as Good for any other Name?
What's in a Name? Are BERT Named Entity Representations just as Good for any other Name? Open
We evaluate named entity representations of BERT-based NLP models by investigating their robustness to replacements from the same typed class in the input. We highlight that on several tasks while such perturbations are natural, state of t…
View article: A Systematic Review of the Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy
A Systematic Review of the Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy Open
Despite improvements in obstetric care, neonatal brachial plexus palsy continues to significantly impact infants’ lives worldwide, with an incidence of 1 to 4 per 1000 live births. While a majority of affected infants recover spontaneously…
View article: Mechanical Properties of Cervical Spinal Cord in Neonatal Piglet: In Vitro
Mechanical Properties of Cervical Spinal Cord in Neonatal Piglet: In Vitro Open
The response of neonatal spinal cord tissue to tensile loading is not well-studied. In this study, isolated fresh neonatal cervical spinal cord samples, obtained from twelve 2-4 days old piglets, were tested in uniaxial tension at a rate o…
View article: Integrated Switchable Ventricular Assist Devices for Pediatric Patients
Integrated Switchable Ventricular Assist Devices for Pediatric Patients Open
Thousands of children are born each year with significant cardiac defects that result in the development of heart disease and ultimately premature congestive heart failure (CHF). In addition, hundreds of children are exposed to viruses and…
View article: What’s in a Name? Are BERT Named Entity Representations just as Good for any other Name?
What’s in a Name? Are BERT Named Entity Representations just as Good for any other Name? Open
We evaluate named entity representations of BERT-based NLP models by investigating their robustness to replacements from the same typed class in the input. We highlight that on several tasks while such perturbations are natural, state of t…