Explanipedia

Impact of Terrestrial Weather on the Space Weather of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere: Initial Results from a NASA Living with a Star Focused Science Topic Open

Jens Oberheide, Deepali Aggarwal, Baldur Bergsson, Shibaji Chakraborty, Shantanab Debchoudhury , et al. · 2025

The ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) is a convergence point of energy and processes that interconnect Earth’s atmosphere with space. Processes generated by terrestrial weather in the lower atmosphere (i.e., troposphere and stratosphere, altitu…

Impacts of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves on the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Using TIEGCM‐NG/MAGIC Simulations and Comparisons With GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC‐2 Observations Open

Xian Lu, Haonan Wu, C. J. Heale, S. England, Shun‐Rong Zhang · 2024

We use the TIEGCM‐NG nudged by MAGIC gravity waves to study the impacts of a severe thunderstorm system, with a hundred tornado touchdowns, on the ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances. The generated waves induce a distinct concentric…

Atmospheric and Ionospheric Responses to Orographic Gravity Waves Prior to the December 2022 Cold Air Outbreak Open

Pavel Inchin, Asti Bhatt, Martina Bramberger, Shibaji Chakraborty, Shantanab Debchoudhury , et al. · 2024

Mountain waves are known sources of fluctuations in the upper atmosphere. However, their effects over the Continental United States (CONUS) are considered modest as compared to hot spots such as the Southern Andes. Here, we present an obse…

Coupling between thermospheric gravity waves and non-migrating tides simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Model Open

Garima Malhotra, Timothy Fuller‐Rowell, C. J. Heale, Tzu‐Wei Fang, V. A. Yudin , et al. · 2024

The signatures of gravity waves (GWs) are often observed at ionospheric and thermospheric (IT) heights in satellite and ground-based observations. They play an important role in coupling different regions of the Earth’s atmosphere, a…

Analysis of Energy Transfer among Background Flow, Gravity Waves and Turbulence in the mesopause region in the process of Gravity Wave Breaking from a High-resolution Atmospheric Model Open

Fan Yang, Wenjun Dong, Alan Z. Liu, Thomas Lund, C. J. Heale , et al. · 2023

We conducted an analysis of the process of GW breaking from an energy perspective using the output from a high-resolution compressible atmospheric model. The investigation focused on the energy conversion and transfer that occur during the…

Gravity wave drag parameterizations for Earth's atmosphere Open

Christopher G. Kruse, Jadwiga H. Richter, M. Joan Alexander, Julio T. Bacmeister, C. J. Heale , et al. · 2023

Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs), or buoyancy waves, transport momentum and energy through Earth’s atmosphere. GWs are important at nearly all levels of the atmosphere, though, the momentum they transport is particularly important in genera…

3D Numerical Simulation of Secondary Wave Generation From Mountain Wave Breaking Over Europe Open

C. J. Heale, Katrina Bossert, Sharon L. Vadas · 2022

In this paper, we simulate an observed mountain wave event over central Europe and investigate the subsequent generation, propagation, phase speeds and spatial scales, and momentum deposition of secondary waves under three different tidal …

Primary Versus Secondary Gravity Wave Responses at F‐Region Heights Generated by a Convective Source Open

C. J. Heale, Pavel Inchin, J. B. Snively · 2021

A 2D nonlinear, compressible model is used to simulate the acoustic‐gravity wave (AGW, i.e., encompassing the spectrum of acoustic and gravity waves) response to a thunderstorm squall‐line type source. We investigate the primary and second…

Primary Versus Secondary Gravity Wave Responses at F-region Heights Generated by a Convective Source Open

C. J. Heale, Pavel Inchin, J. B. Snively · 2021

Simulation outputs for the paper "Primary Versus Secondary Gravity Wave Responses at F-region Heights Generated by a Convective Source" by Heale et al. The .mat file consist of 3D (t,x,z) arrays of the temperature perturbation (K) for the …

Primary Versus Secondary Gravity Wave Responses at F-region Heights Generated by a Convective Source Open

C. J. Heale, Pavel Inchin, J. B. Snively · 2021

Simulation outputs for the paper "Primary Versus Secondary Gravity Wave Responses at F-region Heights Generated by a Convective Source" by Heale et al. The .mat file consist of 3D (t,x,z) arrays of the temperature perturbation (K) for the …

The Dynamics of Nonlinear Atmospheric Acoustic‐Gravity Waves Generated by Tsunamis Over Realistic Bathymetry Open

Pavel Inchin, C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively, M. D. Zettergren · 2020

The investigation of atmospheric tsunamigenic acoustic and gravity wave (TAGW) dynamics, from the ocean surface to the thermosphere, is performed through the numerical computations of the 3D compressible nonlinear Navier‐Stokes equations. …

The dynamics of tsunamigenic acoustic-gravity waves and bathymetry effect Open

Pavel Inchin, C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively, M. D. Zettergren · 2020

The investigation of atmospheric tsunamigenic acoustic and gravity wave (TAGW) dynamics, from the ocean surface to the thermosphere, is performed through the numerical computations of the 3D compressible nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations. …

Evidence for Horizontal Blocking and Reflection of a Small‐Scale Gravity Wave in the Mesosphere Open

N. Criddle, Pierre‐Dominique Pautet, Tao Yuan, C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively , et al. · 2020

The variations of the horizontal phase velocity of an internal gravity wave, generated by wave “blocking” or “reflection” due to an inhomogeneous wind field, have been predicted theoretically and numerically investigated but had yet to be …

Secondary Gravity Waves Generated by Breaking Mountain Waves Over Europe Open

C. J. Heale, Katrina Bossert, Sharon L. Vadas, Lars Hoffmann, Andreas Dörnbrack , et al. · 2020

A strong mountain wave, observed over Central Europe on 12 January 2016, is simulated in 2D under two fixed background wind conditions representing opposite tidal phases. The aim of the simulation is to investigate the breaking of the moun…

6. Data 2, meridional slice data Open

Pavel Inchin, C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively, M. D. Zettergren · 2020

Two-dimensional output of absolute temperature perturbations for meridional slice with time and used geographic grid matrix for Tohoku-Oki simulation. The archive contains *.mat file and a script for data reading and plotting.

Figure 1: Convectively Generated Gravity Waves During Solstice and Equinox Conditions Open

C. J. Heale, David C. Fritts, Thomas Lund · 2020

Previous studies suggest that mesospheric concentric wave patterns are more observable in the equinox months than solstice months, despite concentric and semi concentric waves being readily observed in summer months in the stratosphere. Th…

Multilayer Observations and Modeling of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves Over the Midwestern United States Open

C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively, Asti Bhatt, Lars Hoffmann, Claudia Stephan , et al. · 2019

We present multilayer observations and numerical simulations of gravity waves (GWs) generated by a series of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the midwestern United States. Strong semiconcentric GWs were observed and modeled, which couple …

Gravity Wave Ducting Observed in the Mesosphere Over Jicamarca, Peru Open

G. A. Lehmacher, Erhan Kudeki, Pablo Reyes, Kiwook Lee, C. J. Heale , et al. · 2019

Short‐period gravity waves are ubiquitous in the mesosphere, but the vertical structures of their perturbations are difficult to observe. The Jicamarca 50‐MHz very high frequency radar allows observations of winds and turbulent scatter wit…

Issue Information Open

Minghua Zhang, David Atkinson, K. A. Boering, Simon Carn, J. Christine Chiu , et al. · 2018

No abstract is available for this article.

Modulation of Low‐Altitude Ionospheric Upflow by Linear and Nonlinear Atmospheric Gravity Waves Open

Meghan Burleigh, C. J. Heale, M. D. Zettergren, J. B. Snively · 2018

This study examines how thermospheric motions due to gravity waves (GWs) drive ion upflow in the F region, modulating the topside ionosphere in a way that can contribute to ion outflow. We present incoherent scatter radar data from Sondres…

Localization Effects on the Dissipation of Gravity Wave Packets in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Open

C. J. Heale, R. L. Walterscheid, J. B. Snively · 2018

Gravity waves not subject to breaking or filtering will dissipate due to viscosity and thermal conduction in the thermosphere. However, the evolutions of wave packets, and the altitudes they reach, are highly dependent upon the spectral co…

Momentum Flux Spectra of a Mountain Wave Event Over New Zealand Open

Katrina Bossert, David C. Fritts, C. J. Heale, Stephen D. Eckermann, J. M. C. Plane , et al. · 2018

During the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) 13 July 2014 research flight over the South Island of New Zealand, a multiscale spectrum of mountain waves (MWs) was observed. High‐resolution measurements of sodium densities …

Secondary gravity wave generation over New Zealand during the DEEPWAVE campaign Open

Katrina Bossert, Christopher G. Kruse, C. J. Heale, David C. Fritts, B. P. Williams , et al. · 2017

Multiple events during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment measurement program revealed mountain wave (MW) breaking at multiple altitudes over the Southern Island of New Zealand. These events were measured during several research …

Numerical modeling of a multiscale gravity wave event and its airglow signatures over Mount Cook, New Zealand, during the DEEPWAVE campaign Open

C. J. Heale, Katrina Bossert, J. B. Snively, David C. Fritts, Pierre‐Dominique Pautet , et al. · 2017

A 2‐D nonlinear compressible model is used to simulate a large‐amplitude, multiscale mountain wave event over Mount Cook, NZ, observed as part of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign and to investigate its obser…

Observation and modeling of gravity wave propagation through reflection and critical layers above Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pachón, Chile Open

Bing Cao, C. J. Heale, Yafang Guo, Alan Z. Liu, J. B. Snively · 2016

A complex gravity wave event was observed from 04:30 to 08:10 UTC on 16 January 2015 by a narrow‐band sodium lidar and an all‐sky airglow imager located at Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) in Cerro Pachón (30.25°S, 70.73°W), Chile. The gravit…

Observational and Modeling Study of Gravity Wave Propagation Through Reflection and Critical Layers Open

Bing Cao, C. J. Heale, Alan Z. Liu, J. B. Snively, Fabia A. Vargas , et al. · 2016

Evidence of dispersion and refraction of a spectrally broad gravity wave packet in the mesopause region observed by the Na lidar and Mesospheric Temperature Mapper above Logan, Utah Open

Tao Yuan, C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively, Xuguang Cai, Pierre‐Dominique Pautet , et al. · 2015

Gravity wave packets excited by a source of finite duration and size possess a broad frequency and wave number spectrum and thus span a range of temporal and spatial scales. Observing at a single location relatively close to the source, th…

Gravity wave propagation through a vertically and horizontally inhomogeneous background wind Open

C. J. Heale, J. B. Snively · 2015

A combination of ray theory and 2‐D time‐dependent simulations is used to investigate the linear effects of a time‐dependent, vertically, and horizontally inhomogeneous background horizontal wind field on the propagation, refraction, and r…

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