Explanipedia

National evidence on glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes from 62 low- and middle-income countries Open

Felix Teufel, Pia Roddewig, Maja E. Marcus, Michaela Theilmann, Glennis Andall‐Brereton , et al. · 2025

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Yet, it remains unknown which glucose-lowering medication types people with diabetes across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use. In this …

Adapting the BOADICEA breast and ovarian cancer risk models for the ethnically diverse UK population Open

Lorenzo Ficorella, Xin Yang, Nasim Mavaddat, Tim Carver, Hend Hassan , et al. · 2025

Background BOADICEA is a widely used algorithm for predicting breast and ovarian cancer risks, using a combination of genetic and lifestyle, hormonal and reproductive risk factors. However, it has largely been developed using data from Whi…

Diverging Mortality Trends by Educational Attainment in the US Open

Eugenio Paglino, Elizabeth Wrigley‐Field, Andrew Stokes · 2025

This cross-sectional study examines trends in US mortality rates by sex and educational attainment before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Excess US Deaths Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Open

Jacob Bor, Rafeya V. Raquib, Elizabeth Wrigley‐Field, Steffie Woolhandler, David U. Himmelstein , et al. · 2025

This cohort study examines trends in excess deaths in the US before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Clustering analysis of volatile organic compound biomarkers with tobacco exposure and the association with cardiovascular health outcomes in an observation study cohort Open

Juan Zhao, Haoyun Hong, Jiale Zhai, Remy Poudel, Sanjay Srivastava , et al. · 2025

These findings suggest that cigarette-induced VOC exposure may not impact cardiovascular function after acute exposure. Additionally, VOC exposure profiles vary across tobacco product types, suggesting that regulatory assessments of tobacc…

Evolution of the US nonmetropolitan mortality disadvantage by sex, state, and year, 1999‐2019 Open

Eugenio Paglino, Irma T. Elo, Samuel H. Preston, Katherine Hempstead, Andrew Stokes · 2025

Purpose To examine disparities in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan mortality by state and sex from 1999 to 2019. Methods We calculate age‐standardized mortality rates for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas by state and sex and compute …

Identifying Patterns of Tobacco Use and Associated Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through Machine Learning Analysis of Urine Biomarkers Open

Noah Siegel, Juan Zhao, Emelia J. Benjamin, Aruni Bhatnagar, Jennifer L. Hall , et al. · 2025

Adapting the BOADICEA breast and ovarian cancer risk models for the ethnically diverse UK population Open

Lorenzo Ficorella, Xin Yang, Nasim Mavaddat, Tim Carver, Hend Hassan , et al. · 2025

Background BOADICEA is a widely used algorithm for predicting breast and ovarian cancer risks, using a combination of genetic and lifestyle/environmental risk factors. However, it has largely been developed using data from individuals of W…

Incorporating continuous mammographic density into the BOADICEA breast cancer risk prediction model Open

Lorenzo Ficorella, Mikael Eriksson, Kamila Czene, Goska Leslie, Xin Yang , et al. · 2025

Background BOADICEA (v7) predicts future breast cancer (BC) risk using data on cancer family history, genetic markers, questionnaire-based risk factors and mammographic density (MD) measured using the 4-category BI-RADS classification. How…

Methods to crosswalk between cognitive test scores using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Cohort Open

Sarah F. Ackley, Jingxuan Wang, Ruijia Chen, Tanisha G. Hill‐Jarrett, L. Paloma Rojas‐Saunero , et al. · 2025

INTRODUCTION Studies use multiple different instruments to measure dementia‐related outcomes, making head‐to‐head comparisons of interventions difficult. METHODS To address this gap, we developed two methods to crosswalk estimated treatmen…

Mortality Trends Among Early Adults in the United States, 1999-2023 Open

Elizabeth Wrigley‐Field, Rafeya V. Raquib, Kaitlyn M. Berry, Keeley J. Morris, Andrew Stokes · 2025

This cross-sectional study examines trends in mortality rates among adults aged 25 to 44 years across the pre–COVID-19 pandemic, pandemic, and postpandemic periods.

Correction: Smoking is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, disease severity, and mortality among patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infections Open

Ram Poudel, Lori B. Daniels, Andrew P. DeFilippis, Naomi M. Hamburg, Yosef Khan , et al. · 2025

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270763.].

Factors Associated With Semaglutide Initiation Among Adults With Obesity Open

Meghan I. Podolsky, Rafeya Raquib, Paul Shafer, Katherine Hempstead, Randall P. Ellis , et al. · 2025

Importance Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist medication, was approved for weight management in individuals with obesity in June 2021. There is limited evidence on factors associated with uptake among ind…

Trends in Obesity Care Among US Adults, 2010–2021 Open

Meghan I. Podolsky, Rafeya Raquib, Katherine Hempstead, Andrew Stokes · 2025

Background: Obesity is a major contributor to mortality in the United States. Clinical guidelines emphasize the need for multimodal treatment, but novel treatments may be changing care-seeking behavior. Objective: To characterize obesity t…

Association of Cigarette–E-Cigarette Transitions With Respiratory Symptom Resolution Open

Jonathan B. Berlowitz, Wubin Xie, Alyssa F. Harlow, Hasmeena Kathuria, Emelia J. Benjamin , et al. · 2024

Introduction Adults increasingly use e-cigarettes for cigarette cessation because of the perceived reduced risk. While e-cigarette use is associated with reduced toxicant exposure compared with smoking, it is unclear whether transitioning …

Health Warnings on Instagram Advertisements for Synthetic Nicotine E-Cigarettes and Engagement Open

Jiaxi Wu, Briana M. Trifiro, Lynsie R Ranker, Juan Manuel Origgi, Emelia J. Benjamin , et al. · 2024

Importance Synthetic nicotine is increasingly used in e-cigarette liquids along with flavors to appeal to youths. Regulatory loopholes have allowed tobacco manufacturers to use social media to target youths. Objective To analyze the extent…

Causes of excess deaths in the US relative to other wealthy nations, 1999-2020: a population autopsy Open

Jacob Bor, Rafeya Raquib, David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler, Andrew Stokes · 2024

Importance The US has higher mortality rates than other wealthy nations. Objective To determine causes of death responsible for excess mortality in the US compared to other wealthy nations and how the causes involved in this survival gap h…

Excess Mortality as a Tool to Monitor the Evolution of Health Emergencies: Choices, Challenges, and Future Directions Open

Eugenio Paglino, Andrew Stokes · 2024

Excess Mortality as a Tool to Monitor the Evolution of Health Emergencies: Choices, Challenges, and Future Directions Eugenio Paglino MA, and Andrew C. Stokes PhD Affiliation Eugenio Paglino is with the Population Studies Center, Universit…

Association of cigarette and electronic cigarette use patterns with all-cause mortality: A national cohort study of 145,390 US adults Open

Wubin Xie, Jonathan B. Berlowitz, Rafeya Raquib, Alyssa F. Harlow, Emelia J. Benjamin , et al. · 2024

Metabolic Disease and The Risk of Post-COVID Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study Open

Wubin Xie, Heather Hsu, Paul Shafer, Meghan I. Podolsky, Andrew Stokes · 2024

Objective To examine the influence of having a baseline metabolic disorder (diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity) on the risk of developing new clinical sequelae potentially related to SARS-CoV-2 in a large sample of commercially insured…

Historical state compulsory schooling laws and pandemic-era mortality: A quasi-experimental study Open

Whitney Wells, Yea‐Hung Chen, Marie‐Laure Charpignon, Ahreum Lee, Ruijia Chen , et al. · 2024

Introduction Low educational attainment is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality, but it remains unclear whether the link between education and COVID-19 mortality is causal or due to confounding factors, such as childhood so…

Disparities in All-Cause Mortality Beyond the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US Open

Kaitlyn M. Berry, Andrew Stokes, Keeley J. Morris, Rafeya V. Raquib, Elizabeth Wrigley‐Field · 2024

This cross-sectional study examines all-cause mortality in the US between March 2018 and May 2023 by sex, race and ethnicity, metropolitan status, and region.

Excess natural-cause mortality in US counties and its association with reported COVID-19 deaths Open

Eugenio Paglino, Dielle J. Lundberg, Elizabeth Wrigley‐Field, Zhenwei Zhou, Joe A. Wasserman , et al. · 2024

In the United States, estimates of excess deaths attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic have consistently surpassed reported COVID-19 death counts. Excess deaths reported to non-COVID-19 natural causes may represent unrecognized COVID-19 de…

Electronic cigarette use and chest pain in US adults: Evidencefrom the PATH study Open

Leili Behrooz, Wubin Xie, Aboli Goghari, R M Robertson, Aruni Bhatnagar , et al. · 2024

Exclusive e-cigarette use is associated with a lower rate of chest pain compared to combustible cigarette use and dual use.

Association of Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Use Patterns with All-Cause Mortality: A National Cohort Study of 145 390 Us Adults Open

Wubin Xie, Jonathan B. Berlowitz, Rafeya Raquib, Alyssa F. Harlow, Emelia J. Benjamin , et al. · 2024

Gaps in the type 2 diabetes care cascade: a national perspective using South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) database Open

Alana T. Brennan, Evelyn Lauren, Jacob Bor, Jaya A. George, Kamy Chetty , et al. · 2023

Issues for Studies on E-cigarettes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder Open

Thomas A. Wills, Wubin Xie, Andrew Stokes · 2023

E-Cigarette Use Among US Adults in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Open

John Erhabor, Ellen Boakye, Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan, Albert D. Osei, Erfan Tasdighi , et al. · 2023

Importance After the initial disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear how patterns of e-cigarette use in the US have changed. Objective To examine recent patterns in current and daily e-cigarette use among US adults in 2021. De…

Health systems performance for hypertension control using a cascade of care approach in South Africa, 2011–2017 Open

Mariet Benade, Zandile June‐Rose Mchiza, Rafeya V. Raquib, Sridevi K Prasad, Lily D. Yan , et al. · 2023

Hypertension is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. In South Africa, the government has employed a whole systems approach to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. We used a novel incident care cascade …

COVID-19 and All-Cause Mortality by Race, Ethnicity, and Age Across Five Periods of the Pandemic in the United States Open

Anneliese N. Luck, Irma T. Elo, Samuel H. Preston, Eugenio Paglino, Katherine Hempstead , et al. · 2023

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