Explanipedia

The Importance of Scale in the Definition of Uncertainties: How do we Best Communicate this to Data Users? Open

Claire E. Bulgin, Paul Green, Alexander Gruber, C. R. MacIntosh, Jonathan P. D. Mittaz , et al. · 2025

Climate services often require observational climate data to inform decision-making on mitigation and adaptation activities. Understanding the uncertainties in the climate datasets that are used for this purpose, and how these uncertaintie…

Earth System Forcing for CMIP7 and Beyond Open

Paul J. Durack, Vaishali Naïk, Zebedee Nicholls, Eleanor O’Rourke, Briony Turner , et al. · 2025

Ten new insights in climate science 2024 Open

Roberto Schaeffer, E. Lisa F. Schipper, Daniel Ospina, Paula Mirazo, Ane Alencar , et al. · 2025

Data supporting the North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS) programme, including atmospheric composition; oceanographic and sea-ice observations (2016–2022); and output from ocean, atmosphere, land, and sea-ice models (1950–2050) Open

Alexander T. Archibald, Bablu Sinha, M. R. Russo, Emily Matthews, Freya Squires , et al. · 2025

The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS) was a large multidisciplinary research programme funded by the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). ACSIS ran from 2016 to 2022 and brought together around 80 scientis…

Ten New Insights in Climate Science 2024 Open

Roberto Schaeffer, Lisa Schipper, Daniel Ospina, Paula Mirazo, Ane Alencar , et al. · 2024

Climate change research is broad, diverse and constantly growing. Cross- and interdisciplinary understanding is essential for generating robust science advice for policy. However, it is challenging to prioritise and navigate the ever-expan…

Comment on essd-2023-405 Open

Alexander T. Archibald, Bablu Sinha, M. R. Russo, Emily Matthews, Freya Squires , et al. · 2024

Abstract. The North Atlantic Climate System: Integrated Study (ACSIS) was a large multidisciplinary research programme funded by the United Kingdom’s Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). ACSIS ran from 2016–22 and …

Ocean Heat Convergence and North Atlantic Multidecadal Heat Content Variability Open

Ben Moat, Bablu Sinha, David I. Berry, Sybren Drijfhout, Neil Fraser , et al. · 2024

We construct an upper ocean (0–1000 m) North Atlantic heat budget (26°–67°N) for the period 1950–2020 using multiple observational datasets and an eddy-permitting global ocean model. On multidecadal time scales, ocean heat transport conver…

Data supporting the North Atlantic Climate System: Integrated Studies (ACSIS) programme, including atmospheric composition, oceanographic and sea ice observations (2016–2022) and output from ocean, atmosphere, land and sea-ice models (1950–2050) Open

Alexander T. Archibald, Bablu Sinha, M. R. Russo, Emily Matthews, Freya Squires , et al. · 2024

The North Atlantic Climate System: Integrated Study (ACSIS) was a large multidisciplinary research programme funded by the United Kingdom’s Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). ACSIS ran from 2016–22 and brought together around 80 …

CMIP drop in session reports: Forcings Open

Eleanor O’Rourke, Beth Dingley, Paul J. Durack, Vaishali Naïk, Thomas J. Aubry , et al. · 2023

This report provides a summary of the first CMIP Forcings drop-in sessions held on 7 June 2023 across two timeslots (05:00 UTC and 16:00 UTC) to support equitable global participation. These sessions aimed to facilitate community discussio…

Mechanism of observed North Atlantic multidecadal upper ocean heat content changes 1950-202 Open

Ben Moat, Bablu Sinha, Neil Fraser, Leon Hermanson, Simon A. Josey , et al. · 2023

We synthesize observational datasets and a state of the art forced global ocean model to construct a multidecadal upper ocean heat budget for the North Atlantic for the period 1950 to 2020. Using multiple independent estimates of the varia…

Ocean observations indicate a key role for ocean dynamics in Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Open

Ben Moat, Bablu Sinha, Neil Fraser, Leon Hermanson, Simon A. Josey , et al. · 2022

<p>Multidecadal changes in North Atlantic Ocean heat storage directly affect the climate of the surrounding continents, and it is important to understand how and why the changes are taking place. Here we synthesize a wide range of ob…

Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation Open

Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Florence Marti , et al. · 2022

Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-mass budget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge of sea-level change and its contributors. Here we present datasets for times series of the SLB and…

Comment on essd-2021-137 Open

Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Florence Marti , et al. · 2021

Abstract. Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-mass budget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge of sea-level change and its contributors. Here we present datasets for …

Comment on essd-2021-137 Open

Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Florence Marti , et al. · 2021

Abstract. Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-mass budget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge of sea-level change and its contributors. Here we present datasets for …

Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation Open

Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Florence Marti , et al. · 2021

Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-mass budget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge of sea-level change and its contributions. Here we present datasets for times series of the SLB an…

The Evaluation of the North Atlantic Climate System in UKESM1 Historical Simulations for CMIP6 Open

Jon Robson, Yevgeny Aksenov, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Oscar Dimdore‐Miles, Paul T. Griffiths , et al. · 2020

Earth system models enable a broad range of climate interactions that physical climate models are unable to simulate. However, the extent to which adding Earth system components changes or improves the simulation of the physical climate is…

Global Sea Level Budget and Ocean Mass Budget, with Focus on New Data Products and Uncertainty Characterization. Open

Martin Horwath, A. A. Cazenave, Hindumathi Palanisamy, F. Marti, Ben Marzeion , et al. · 2019

Studies of the sea-level budget are a means of assessing our ability to quantify and understand sea-level changes and their causes. Closure of the total sea level budget implies that the observed changes of global mean sea level (from sate…

Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005–2016 Open

Jon Robson, Rowan Sutton, Alexander T. Archibald, Fenwick Cooper, Matthew W. Christensen , et al. · 2018

Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly aff…

Regional and seasonal radiative forcing by perturbations to aerosol and ozone precursor emissions Open

Nicolas Bellouin, Laura Baker, Øivind Hodnebrog, Dirk Olivié, Ribu Cherian , et al. · 2016

Predictions of temperature and precipitation responses to changes in the anthropogenic emissions of climate forcers require the quantification of the radiative forcing exerted by those changes. This task is particularly difficult for near-…

Uncertainties in Steric Sea Level Change Estimation During the Satellite Altimeter Era: Concepts and Practices Open

C. R. MacIntosh, Christopher J. Merchant, Karina von Schuckmann · 2016

Regional and seasonal radiative forcing by perturbations to aerosol and ozone precursor emissions Open

Nicolas Bellouin, Laura Baker, Øivind Hodnebrog, Dirk Olivié, Ribu Cherian , et al. · 2016

Dedicated model simulations by four general circulation and chemistry-transport models are used to establish a matrix of specific radiative forcing, defined as the radiative forcing per unit change in mass emitted, as a function of the nea…

Contrasting fast precipitation responses to tropospheric and stratospheric ozone forcing Open

C. R. MacIntosh, Richard P. Allan, Laura Baker, Nicolas Bellouin, W. J. Collins , et al. · 2016

The precipitation response to radiative forcing (RF) can be decomposed into a fast precipitation response (FPR), which depends on the atmospheric component of RF, and a slow response, which depends on surface temperature change. We present…

Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants Open

A. Stohl, Borgar Aamaas, Markus Amann, L. H. Baker, Nicolas Bellouin , et al. · 2015

This paper presents a summary of the work done within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants). ECLIPSE had a unique systematic concept for …

Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants Open

A. Stohl, Borgar Aamaas, Markus Amann, L. H. Baker, Nicolas Bellouin , et al. · 2015

This paper presents a summary of the work done within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants). ECLIPSE had a unique systematic concept for …

Radiative forcing and climate metrics for ozone precursor emissions: the impact of multi-model averaging Open

C. R. MacIntosh, Keith P. Shine, W. J. Collins · 2015

Multi-model ensembles are frequently used to assess understanding of the response of ozone and methane lifetime to changes in emissions of ozone precursors such as NOx, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and CO. When these ozone changes are…

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