Stefan Schaer
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View article: Towards new CODE analysis products based on GPS L1/L5 signals
Towards new CODE analysis products based on GPS L1/L5 signals Open
To meet the demanding requirements in terms of accuracy and availability, GPS has introduced the signals on L5 that are compatible to Galileo E5a signals. The L5 signal was designed to mitigate the multipath and poor performance in harsh e…
View article: BDS and QZSS in CODE's final solution -- assessment of the impact 
BDS and QZSS in CODE's final solution -- assessment of the impact  Open
CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) acts as one of the analysis centers of the International GNSS Service (IGS). One of the most important products are the final series providing -- among others -- GNSS satellite orbits, satell…
View article: Review the IGS Strategy for Precise Point Positioning Applications
Review the IGS Strategy for Precise Point Positioning Applications Open
Within the IGS, it was agreed that Precise Point Positioning (PPP) based on satellite orbit and clock corrections of the IGS analysis centers allow a direct access to the IGS realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (IT…
View article: Assessment of the Tropospheric Delay Coefficients at Co-located Sites with VGOS and GNSS
Assessment of the Tropospheric Delay Coefficients at Co-located Sites with VGOS and GNSS Open
An assessment of the tropospheric parameters independently derived from the analysis of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data serves as a cross-validation of the two space geodetic tec…
View article: Between-satellite ambiguity resolution based on preliminary GNSS orbit and clock information using a globally applied ambiguity clustering strategy
Between-satellite ambiguity resolution based on preliminary GNSS orbit and clock information using a globally applied ambiguity clustering strategy Open
The use of undifferenced (UD) processing schemes of GNSS measurements is becoming more and more popular for the generation of global network solutions (GNSS orbits and clock products) within the GNSS community. As opposed to classical proc…
View article: Combined orbit and clock zero-difference solution at CODE: ambiguity resolution strategy
Combined orbit and clock zero-difference solution at CODE: ambiguity resolution strategy Open
<p>The use of zero-difference processing schemes becomes more and more popular within the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) community. This change from double- to zero-difference approaches increases the demand of PPP-AR (Am…
View article: Compatibility between the preliminary ITRF2020 solution and GNSS antenna phase center offsets
Compatibility between the preliminary ITRF2020 solution and GNSS antenna phase center offsets Open
<p>The release of the next International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2020 is based on the four geodetic techniques, namely Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Global Navigation Satellite Sy…
View article: The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time Open
The Real-Time Working Group (RTWG) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) is dedicated to providing high-quality data and high-accuracy products for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, navigation, timing and Earth obser…
View article: The CODE ambiguity-fixed clock and phase bias analysis products: generation, properties, and performance
The CODE ambiguity-fixed clock and phase bias analysis products: generation, properties, and performance Open
The generation and use of GNSS analysis products that allow—particularly for the needs of single-receiver applications—precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) are becoming more and more popular. A general uncertainty c…
View article: Review of recent GNSS modelling improvements based on CODEs Repro3 contribution
Review of recent GNSS modelling improvements based on CODEs Repro3 contribution Open
The Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) is contributing to the most recent reprocessing effort of the International GNSS Service (IGS) with a triple-system solution including GPS (since 1994), GLONASS (since 2002) and Galileo (…
View article: The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a global and accurate estimation of the ionospheric electron content distribution in real-time
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a global and accurate estimation of the ionospheric electron content distribution in real-time Open
The Real-Time Working Group (RTWG) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) is dedicated to providing high-quality data, high-accuracy products for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, navigation, timing, and Earth observa…
View article: GNSS scale determination using calibrated receiver and Galileo satellite antenna patterns
GNSS scale determination using calibrated receiver and Galileo satellite antenna patterns Open
The reference frame of a global terrestrial network is defined by the origin, the orientation and the scale. The origin of the ITRF2014 is defined by the ILRS long-term solution, the orientation by no-net rotation conditions w.r.t. the pre…
View article: Overview of CODE’s MGEX solution with the focus on Galileo
Overview of CODE’s MGEX solution with the focus on Galileo Open
We present an update on the multi-GNSS orbit and clock solution (COM), the CODE analysis center provides to the International GNSS service (IGS) in the frame of the multi-GNSS extension (MGEX). In recent years substantial progress was achi…
View article: CODE IGS reference products including Galileo
CODE IGS reference products including Galileo Open
<p>The International GNSS service (IGS) has been providing precise reference products for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) GPS and (starting later) GLONASS since more than 25 years. These orbit, clock correction, coordi…
View article: CODE repro3 product series for the IGS
CODE repro3 product series for the IGS Open
CODE, the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, is a joint venture of the following four institutions: • Astronomical Institute, University of Bern (AIUB), Bern, Switzerland • Federal Office of Topography swisstopo, Wabern, Switzerland…