Candace Gray
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View article: Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: discovery and physical description
Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: discovery and physical description Open
We present the characteristics of interstellar comet 3I/Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), discovered on 2025 July 1 by the ATLAS. The comet has eccentricity $\simeq$6.1 and velocity at infinity $\simeq$57 km s−1, indic…
View article: The trans-Neptunian object (119951) 2002 KX14 revealed via multiple stellar occultations
The trans-Neptunian object (119951) 2002 KX14 revealed via multiple stellar occultations Open
Context. Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are icy bodies located in the outer solar system that offer key insights into the primordial conditions of our planetary system. The stellar occultation technique has proven to be an essential tool f…
View article: Venus' O 5577 Å Oxygen Green Line: A Global Diffuse Proton‐Induced Aurora
Venus' O 5577 Å Oxygen Green Line: A Global Diffuse Proton‐Induced Aurora Open
The Venusian O( 1 S– 1 D) 5577 Å “oxygen green line” has been an enigmatic feature of the Venusian atmosphere since its first attempted observation by the Venera spacecraft. Its first detection in 1999 and subsequent detections point to a …
View article: Observations with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. XI. First Year of Observations from Apache Point Observatory
Observations with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. XI. First Year of Observations from Apache Point Observatory Open
The Differential Speckle Survey Instrument (DSSI) was relocated to the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory (APO) in early 2022. Here we present results from the first year of observations along wit…
View article: Solar Wind Model Supported by Parker Solar Probe Observations During Faint Venusian Auroral Emission
Solar Wind Model Supported by Parker Solar Probe Observations During Faint Venusian Auroral Emission Open
The encounter of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) with Venus during the Venus Gravity Assist 3 on 2020 July 11 provided a unique opportunity to gather in situ solar wind data in the Venusian environment while also being able to observe Venus f…
View article: Importance of airglow and auroral emissions as tracers of Venus’ upper atmosphere dynamics and evolution
Importance of airglow and auroral emissions as tracers of Venus’ upper atmosphere dynamics and evolution Open
The goal of this white paper is to advocate for a thorough monitoring of Venus' upper atmosphere, through future space missions.Venus is a natural laboratory, which enables the study of solar wind interactions with planetary bodies without…
View article: The Atmospheric eXploration and Investigative Synergy (AXIS) Group: proposal for a new interdisciplinary NASA Assessment/Analysis Group (AG)
The Atmospheric eXploration and Investigative Synergy (AXIS) Group: proposal for a new interdisciplinary NASA Assessment/Analysis Group (AG) Open
Whitepaper #433 submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. Topics: atmospheric/exospheric evolution; other: Infrastructure; other planetary bodies: Terrestrial planets in the Solar System and Beyond
View article: The Need for Ground-Based Observations of Venus
The Need for Ground-Based Observations of Venus Open
Ground-based observations of Venus are crucial to NASA's goals.They can complement spacecraft observations (for example, by obtaining additional spectral coverage or extended time baselines).Ground-based and spacecraft observations raise n…
View article: Io's Optical Airglow in Jovian Eclipse
Io's Optical Airglow in Jovian Eclipse Open
Sublimation support of Io’s sulfur dioxide atmosphere is very sensitive to small variations in its surface temperature. As Io passes into Jupiter’s shadow each orbit, its sublimation-supported atmosphere rapidly collapses, leav…
View article: A Survey of Visible <scp>S<sup>+</sup></scp> Emission in Io's Plasma Torus During the Hisaki Epoch
A Survey of Visible <span>S<sup>+</sup></span> Emission in Io's Plasma Torus During the Hisaki Epoch Open
To complement Hisaki's ultraviolet monitoring of the Io plasma torus, a ground‐based campaign assembled a comprehensive data set at visible wavelengths with the ARC 3.5‐m telescope at Apache Point Observatory. This work concentrates on the…