Carl Weimer
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View article: Average optical path length estimation in a slab of arbitrary finite thickness
Average optical path length estimation in a slab of arbitrary finite thickness Open
A method for determining the average photon path length in a slab of multiple scattering material is presented. Radiances can be obtained from the radiative transfer equation and subsequently differentiated to obtain the average photon pat…
View article: Two-Stream Approximation in Radiative Transfer: Average Optical Pathlength Estimation
Two-Stream Approximation in Radiative Transfer: Average Optical Pathlength Estimation Open
A general solution based on the two-stream approximation (TSA) to the radiative transfer equation is provided in plane-parallel geometry for an anisotropically scattering slab of arbitrary physical thickness. Conventional two-stream algori…
View article: Linking lidar multiple scattering profiles to snow depth and snow density: an analytical radiative transfer analysis and the implications for remote sensing of snow
Linking lidar multiple scattering profiles to snow depth and snow density: an analytical radiative transfer analysis and the implications for remote sensing of snow Open
Lidar multiple scattering measurements provide the probability distribution of the distance laser light travels inside snow. Based on an analytic two-stream radiative transfer solution, the present study demonstrates why/how these lidar me…
View article: A novel approach to solve forward/inverse problems in remote sensing applications
A novel approach to solve forward/inverse problems in remote sensing applications Open
Inversion of electromagnetic (EM) signals reflected from or transmitted through a medium, or emitted by it due to internal sources can be used to investigate the optical and physical properties of a variety of scattering/absorbing/emitting…
View article: Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements: Uncertainty Analyses
Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements: Uncertainty Analyses Open
The application of diffusion theory and Monte Carlo lidar radiative transfer simulations presented in Part I of this series of study suggests that snow depth can be derived from the first-, second- and third-order moments of the lidar back…
View article: Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements
Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements Open
Snow is a crucial element in the Earth’s system, but snow depth and mass are very challenging to be measured globally. Here, we provide the theoretical foundation for deriving snow depth directly from space-borne lidar (ICESat-2) snow mult…
View article: Measuring Winds from Space to Reduce the Uncertainty in the Southern Ocean Carbon Fluxes: Science Requirements and Proposed Mission
Measuring Winds from Space to Reduce the Uncertainty in the Southern Ocean Carbon Fluxes: Science Requirements and Proposed Mission Open
Strong winds in Southern Ocean storms drive air-sea carbon and heat fluxes. These fluxes are integral to the global climate system and the wind speeds that drive them are increasing. The current scatterometer constellation measuring vector…
View article: The on-orbit performance of the CALIOP LIDAR on CALIPSO
The on-orbit performance of the CALIOP LIDAR on CALIPSO Open
CALIPSO is a joint NASA – CNES satellite currently in its third year of operation in low earth orbit. The satellite is making optical measurements of the Earth's atmosphere to help quantify the impact of aerosols and clouds on the Earth's …
View article: Fully transparent photon sieve
Fully transparent photon sieve Open
Regular photon sieve (PS) may only have up to ~25% transmission of light. The low transmission limits its applications in many fields such as satellite remote sensing when the reflected light incident on the PS is relatively weak. Binary P…
View article: Technique to separate lidar signal and sunlight
Technique to separate lidar signal and sunlight Open
Sunlight contamination dominates the backscatter noise in space-based lidar measurements during daytime. The background scattered sunlight is highly variable and dependent upon the surface and atmospheric albedo. The scattered sunlight con…
View article: The Athena-OAWL Doppler Wind Lidar Mission
The Athena-OAWL Doppler Wind Lidar Mission Open
\nWith the objective of providing tropospheric wind profile data over the mid-latitude oceans and tropics for data-starved weather forecast models, the Earth Venture Instrument (EV-I) Mission concept “Atmospheric Transport, Hurricanes, and…
View article: Ocean Lidar Measurements of Beam Attenuation and a Roadmap to Accurate Phytoplankton Biomass Estimates
Ocean Lidar Measurements of Beam Attenuation and a Roadmap to Accurate Phytoplankton Biomass Estimates Open
\nBeam attenuation coefficient, c, provides an important optical index of plankton standing stocks, such as phytoplankton biomass and total particulate carbon concentration. Unfortunately, c has proven difficult to quantify through remote …