Explanipedia

Elevated lipocalin-2, matrix matalloproteinase-9 and mmp-9/lcn-2 complex serum levels in hospitalized infants with severe bronchiolitis Open

Raffaella Nenna, Enea Bonci, Laura Petrarca, Maria Giulia Conti, Enrica Mancino , et al. · 2025

Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections in infants under one year, often triggered by respiratory syncytial virus. Neutrophil-driven inflammation plays a key role in disease severity. Li…

Nasal Cytology and Clinical Rhinology Support a Translational Integrative Neuroscience Perspective Open

Wael Abu Ruqa, M A Romeo, Gianluca Cipolloni, Davide Rosati, Camilla Laureti , et al. · 2025

Nasal cytology is evolving into a promising tool for diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially those such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Moreover, recent research has indicated that biomarkers differ greatly b…

Salvage treatment strategies for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss—a comprehensive review and meta-analysis with practical recommendations Open

Piero Giuseppe Meliante, Luigi D’avino, Giovanna Barba–Spaeth, Edoardo Covelli, Carla Petrella , et al. · 2025

Background Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) affects up to 27 per 100,000 people annually, with more than half not regaining full hearing after following standard therapy. Identifying effective salvage treatments for refractory cas…

Insight into NeuroCOVID: neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker in post-COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunctions Open

Fiorenza Pennacchia, Federica Zoccali, Carla Petrella, Giuseppina Talarico, Eqrem Rusi , et al. · 2025

Lipocalin-2, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, and MMP-9/NGAL Complex in Upper Aerodigestive Tract Carcinomas: A Pilot Study Open

Luca Cavalcanti, Silvia Francati, Giampiero Ferraguti, Francesca Fanfarillo, Daniele Peluso , et al. · 2025

Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) carcinomas have a high and rapidly increasing incidence, particularly in industrialized countries. The identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers remains a key objective in oncological research.…

Nerve Growth Factor and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in COVID-19 Open

Carla Petrella, Giampiero Ferraguti, Luigi Tarani, Francesca Tarani, Marisa Patrizia Messina , et al. · 2024

Neurotrophins (NTs) constitute a family of small protein messengers that play a fundamental role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In particular, the nerve growth factor (NGF) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BD…

Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of NeuroCOVID Open

Christian Barbato, Carla Petrella, Antonio Minni · 2024

Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is defined by the persistence or recurrence of symptoms after an initial acute SARS-CoV-2 infection [...]

Taste and Smell Alterations (TSAs) in Cancer Patients Open

Davide Rosati, Pierluigi Mastino, Martina Romeo, Giulia de Soccio, Daniele Pentangelo , et al. · 2024

Recently, smell and taste disorders have seen renewed interest, as these symptoms are frequent complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, since approximately 60% of patients affected by COVID-19 have shown olfactory and gustatory alterations. …

Klinefelter Syndrome: A Genetic Disorder Leading to Neuroendocrine Modifications and Psychopathological Vulnerabilities in Children—A Literature Review and Case Report Open

Fabiola Panvino, Roberto Paparella, Luisiana Gambuti, Andrea Cerrito, Michela Menghi , et al. · 2024

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), characterized by an additional X-chromosome in males, manifests in a wide range of neuroendocrine and psychiatric symptoms. Individuals with KS often face increased risks of hormonal dysfunction, leading to depre…

Reduced Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Infants Affected by Severe Bronchiolitis Open

Raffaella Nenna, Carla Petrella, Enea Bonci, Paola Papoff, Margherita Di Jorgi , et al. · 2024

Background: Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract, typical of infants in their first year of life and causing hypoxia in the most serious cases. Bronchiolitis recognizes various demographic risk factors t…

Effect of a multi-strain probiotic mixture consumption on anxiety and depression symptoms induced in adult mice by postnatal maternal separation Open

Francesca De Santa, Georgios Strimpakos, Nicole Marchetti, Giorgio Gargari, Alessio Torcinaro , et al. · 2024

Serum Lipocalin-2 Levels as a Biomarker in Pre- and Post-Pubertal Klinefelter Syndrome Patients: A Pilot Study Open

Roberto Paparella, Giampiero Ferraguti, Marco Fiore, Michela Menghi, Ginevra Micangeli , et al. · 2024

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a male genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome, causing endocrine disorders mainly responsible for a high rate of infertility and metabolic disorders in adulthood. Scientific research is…

P130 High serum lipocalin-2 expression at the diagnosis in children with ulcerative colitis: a pilot study Open

Giulia D’Arcangelo, Carla Petrella, F. Zucconi, Marco Fiore, M Distante , et al. · 2024

Background The identification of new biomarker is a main challenge in inflammatory boweldisease. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a pleiotropic mediator of various inflammatory processes. We determined the serum levels of LCN-2 in a cohort of newly …

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Vaccine: Current Landscape and Perspectives Open

Piero Giuseppe Meliante, Carla Petrella, Marco Fiore, Antonio Minni, Christian Barbato · 2023

The treatment of unresectable or metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has traditionally relied on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, yielding suboptimal outcomes. The introduction of immunotherapy has significantly improved …

Biomarkers of Neurological Damage: From Acute Stage to Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Open

Maria Antonella Zingaropoli, Patrizia Pasculli, Christian Barbato, Carla Petrella, Marco Fiore , et al. · 2023

Background: Neurological symptoms (NS) in COVID-19 are related to both acute stage and long-COVID. We explored levels of brain injury biomarkers (NfL and GFAP) and myeloid activation marker (sCD163) and their implications on the CNS. Mater…

Antioxidant Use after Diagnosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Systematic Review of Application during Radiotherapy and in Second Primary Cancer Prevention Open

Piero Giuseppe Meliante, Carla Petrella, Marco Fiore, Antonio Minni, Christian Barbato · 2023

Approximately 5–20% of HNSCC patients experience second primary cancers within the first 5 years of treatment, contributing to high mortality rates. Epidemiological evidence has linked a low dietary intake of antioxidants to an increased r…

Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Putative Pathways to Hearing System Impairment Open

Pierluigi Mastino, Davide Rosati, Giulia de Soccio, M A Romeo, Daniele Pentangelo , et al. · 2023

Introduction: OSAS is a disease that affects 2% of men and 4% of women of middle age. It is a major health public problem because untreated OSAS could lead to cardiovascular, metabolic, and cerebrovascular complications. The more accepted …

Neurofilament Expression as a Biomarker of Post-COVID-19 Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Open

Federica Zoccali, Carla Petrella, Maria Antonella Zingaropoli, Marco Fiore, Massimo Ralli , et al. · 2023

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) affects a patient’s quality of life and requires rapid treatment. The etiology is viral, vascular, and autoimmune, even though, in most cases, it remains idiopathic SSHL. Since 2019, several differe…

The Impact of Alcohol Consumption and Oral Microbiota on Upper Aerodigestive Tract Carcinomas: A Pilot Study Open

Marco Fiore, Antonio Minni, Luca Cavalcanti, Giammarco Raponi, Gianluca Puggioni , et al. · 2023

Alcohol consumption is associated with oxidative stress and an increased risk of carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT). Recently, it has been found that some microorganisms in the human oral cavity may locally metabolize ethan…

Oxidative Stress in a Mother Consuming Alcohol during Pregnancy and in Her Newborn: A Case Report Open

Martina Derme, Maria Grazia Piccioni, Roberto Brunelli, Alba Crognale, Marika Denotti , et al. · 2023

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of conditions resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). FASD is estimated to affect between 2% and 5% of people in the United States and Western Europe. The exact teratogenic mechanism …

Sleep Bruxism Frequency Related to Hormonal Changes: A Cross-sectional Assessment in Women from a Population Sample from São Paulo (Brazil) Open

Carla Petrella, Helena Hachul, Mônica L. Andersen, Sérgio Tufik · 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original wo…

Extra-Gonadal and Non-Canonical Effects of FSH in Males Open

Matteo Spaziani, Francesco Carlomagno, Marta Tenuta, Franz Sesti, Francesco Angelini , et al. · 2023

Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is commonly used for the treatment of female infertility and is increasingly being used in males as well, as recommended by notable guidelines. FSH is composed of an α subunit, shared with oth…

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes in the Pediatric Age Open

Roberto Paparella, Michela Menghi, Ginevra Micangeli, Lucia Leonardi, Giovanni Profeta , et al. · 2023

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) encompass a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against two or more endocrine or non-endocrine organs. Three types of APSs are reported, including both monogen…

Molecular Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Open

Piero Giuseppe Meliante, Federica Zoccali, Francesca Cascone, Vanessa Di Stefano, Antonio Greco , et al. · 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep due to recurrent upper airway obstruction. The derived oxidative stress (OS) leads to complications that do not only concern the sleep-wake …

Diagnostic Predictors of Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Open

Piero Giuseppe Meliante, Federica Zoccali, Marco de Vincentiis, Massimo Ralli, Carla Petrella , et al. · 2023

Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) binds PD-1 on CD8+ lymphocytes, inhibiting their cytotoxic action. Its aberrant expression by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells leads to immune escape. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, t…

Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Individuals Affected by DiGeorge Syndrome Open

Michela Menghi, Ginevra Micangeli, Francesca Tarani, Carolina Putotto, Federica Pirro , et al. · 2023

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is a rare genetic disease caused by microdeletions of the 22q11.2 region (DGS1). A haploinsufficiency at 10p level has been proposed also as a DGS cause (DGS2). Clinical manifestations are variable. The most frequen…

COVID-19 Affects Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurofilament Light Chain in Aged Men: Implications for Morbidity and Mortality Open

Carla Petrella, Maria Antonella Zingaropoli, Flavio Maria Ceci, Patrizia Pasculli, Tiziana Latronico , et al. · 2023

Background and Methods: Severe COVID-19 is known to induce neurological damage (NeuroCOVID), mostly in aged individuals, by affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 and the neurofilament l…

Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment Open

Irene Fatuzzo, Giovanni Francesco Niccolini, Federica Zoccali, Luca Cavalcanti, Mario Giuseppe Bellizzi , et al. · 2023

Olfactory capacity declines with aging, but increasing evidence shows that smell dysfunction is one of the early signs of prodromal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The study of olfactory ability and …

The RNA-Binding Protein SMN as a Novel Player in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Open

Francesca Gabanella, Andrea Colizza, Maria Chiara Mottola, Silvia Francati, Giovanna Blaconà , et al. · 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx, sino-nasal region, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents one-third of all head and neck cancers. Dysreg…

The RNA-binding Protein SMN as a Novel Player in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Open

Francesca Gabanella, Andrea Colizza, Maria Chiara Mottola, Silvia Francati, Giovanna Blaconà , et al. · 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arise from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx, sino-nasal region, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents one-third of all head and neck cancers. Dysregu…

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