Carol D. Swartz
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View article: Transferability and Reproducibility of the <scp>HepaRG CometChip</scp> Assay
Transferability and Reproducibility of the <span>HepaRG CometChip</span> Assay Open
This interlaboratory evaluation of HepaRG CometChip was conducted to assess transferability and reproducibility of this new approach methodology (NAM) across four laboratories. Concentrations inducing up to ~70% relative cytotoxicity were …
View article: Adverse Outcome Pathway‐Informed Integrated Testing to Identify Chemicals Causing Genotoxicity Through Oxidative <scp>DNA</scp> Damage: Case Study on 4‐Nitroquinoline 1‐Oxide
Adverse Outcome Pathway‐Informed Integrated Testing to Identify Chemicals Causing Genotoxicity Through Oxidative <span>DNA</span> Damage: Case Study on 4‐Nitroquinoline 1‐Oxide Open
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) provide a framework to organize and weigh evidence linking molecular interactions of toxicants in cells to adverse outcomes relevant to risk assessment or regulatory decision‐making. Applying this framework …
View article: Genotoxicity assessment in <scp>HepaRG</scp>™ cells as a new approach methodology follow up to a positive response in the human <scp>TK6</scp> cell micronucleus assay: Naphthalene case study
Genotoxicity assessment in <span>HepaRG</span>™ cells as a new approach methodology follow up to a positive response in the human <span>TK6</span> cell micronucleus assay: Naphthalene case study Open
We are evaluating the use of metabolically competent HepaRG™ cells combined with CometChip® for DNA damage and the micronucleus (MN) assay as a New Approach Methodology (NAM) alternative to animals for follow up genotoxicity assessment to …
View article: HepaRG™ Cells as a New Approach Methodology Follow Up to a Positive Response in Human TK6 Cell Micronucleus Assay: Naphthalene Case Study
HepaRG™ Cells as a New Approach Methodology Follow Up to a Positive Response in Human TK6 Cell Micronucleus Assay: Naphthalene Case Study Open
We are evaluating the use of metabolically competent HepaRG™ cells combined with CometChip for DNA damage and the micronucleus (MN) assay as a follow up for in vitro positive genotoxic response as alternatives to in vivo genotoxicity test…
View article: Evaluation of the herbicide glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and <scp>glyphosate‐based</scp> formulations for genotoxic activity using in vitro assays
Evaluation of the herbicide glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and <span>glyphosate‐based</span> formulations for genotoxic activity using in vitro assays Open
Glyphosate, the most heavily used herbicide world‐wide, is applied to plants in complex formulations that promote absorption. The National Toxicology Program reported in 1992 that glyphosate, administered to rats and mice at doses up to 50…
View article: Error-corrected Duplex Sequencing enables direct detection and quantification of mutations in human TK6 cells with remarkable inter-laboratory consistency
Error-corrected Duplex Sequencing enables direct detection and quantification of mutations in human TK6 cells with remarkable inter-laboratory consistency Open
Error-corrected Duplex Sequencing (DuplexSeq) enables direct quantification of low-frequency mutations and offers tremendous potential for chemical mutagenicity assessment. We investigated the utility of DuplexSeq to quantify induced mutat…
View article: Using the HepaCometChip Assay for Broad‐Spectrum DNA Damage Analysis
Using the HepaCometChip Assay for Broad‐Spectrum DNA Damage Analysis Open
Exposure to DNA damaging agents can lead to mutations that cause cancer. The liver is particularly vulnerable because it contains high levels of Cytochrome P450 enzymes that can convert xenobiotics into DNA reactive metabolites that form p…
View article: The common indoor air pollutant α-pinene is metabolised to a genotoxic metabolite α-pinene oxide
The common indoor air pollutant α-pinene is metabolised to a genotoxic metabolite α-pinene oxide Open
α-Pinene caused a concentration-responsive increase in bladder hyperplasia and decrease in sperm counts in rodents following inhalation exposure. Additionally, it formed a prospective reactive metabolite, α-pinene oxide.To provide human re…
View article: A Modern Genotoxicity Testing Paradigm: Integration of the High-Throughput CometChip® and the TGx-DDI Transcriptomic Biomarker in Human HepaRG™ Cell Cultures
A Modern Genotoxicity Testing Paradigm: Integration of the High-Throughput CometChip® and the TGx-DDI Transcriptomic Biomarker in Human HepaRG™ Cell Cultures Open
Higher-throughput, mode-of-action-based assays provide a valuable approach to expedite chemical evaluation for human health risk assessment. In this study, we combined the high-throughput alkaline DNA damage-sensing CometChip ® assay with …
View article: Mutagenicity, stable DNA adducts, and abasic sites induced in Salmonella by phenanthro[3,4-b]- and phenanthro[4,3-b]thiophenes, sulfur analogs of benzo[c]phenanthrene
Mutagenicity, stable DNA adducts, and abasic sites induced in Salmonella by phenanthro[3,4-b]- and phenanthro[4,3-b]thiophenes, sulfur analogs of benzo[c]phenanthrene Open
Sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (thia-PAHs or thiaarenes) are common constituents of air pollution and cigarette smoke, but only a few have been studied for health effects. We evaluated the mutagenicity in Salmonella TA9…
View article: Nanosize Titanium Dioxide Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species in Brain Microglia and Damages Neurons in Vitro
Nanosize Titanium Dioxide Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species in Brain Microglia and Damages Neurons in Vitro Open
BackgroundTitanium dioxide is a widely used nanomaterial whose photo-reactivity suggests that it could damage biological targets (e.g., brain) through oxidative stress (OS).ObjectivesBrain cultures of immortalized mouse microglia (BV2), ra…
View article: Toxicogenomic analysis incorporating operon-transcriptional coupling and toxicant concentration-expression response: analysis of MX-treated Salmonella
Toxicogenomic analysis incorporating operon-transcriptional coupling and toxicant concentration-expression response: analysis of MX-treated Salmonella Open
BackgroundDeficiencies in microarray technology cause unwanted variation in the hybridization signal, obscuring the true measurements of intracellular transcript levels. Here we describe a general method that can improve microarray analysi…
View article: Flow cytometric micronucleus assay and TGx-DDI transcriptomic biomarker analysis of ten genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals in human HepaRG™ cells
Flow cytometric micronucleus assay and TGx-DDI transcriptomic biomarker analysis of ten genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals in human HepaRG™ cells Open
Background Modern testing paradigms seek to apply human-relevant cell culture models and integrate data from multiple test systems to accurately inform potential hazards and modes of action for chemical toxicology. In genetic toxicology, t…
View article: Sensitive CometChip assay for screening potentially carcinogenic DNA adducts by trapping DNA repair intermediates
Sensitive CometChip assay for screening potentially carcinogenic DNA adducts by trapping DNA repair intermediates Open
Genotoxicity testing is critical for predicting adverse effects of pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental chemicals. The alkaline comet assay is an established method for detecting DNA strand breaks, however, the assay does not dete…
View article: Genotoxicity evaluation of the naturally-derived food colorant, gardenia blue, and its precursor, genipin
Genotoxicity evaluation of the naturally-derived food colorant, gardenia blue, and its precursor, genipin Open
Gardenia blue is widely used in Eastern Asia as a natural food colorant. To evaluate the genotoxic potential of gardenia blue, as well as genipin, the natural starting material from which it is produced, a GLP-compliant test battery was co…
View article: Black cohosh extracts and powders induce micronuclei, a biomarker of genetic damage, in human cells
Black cohosh extracts and powders induce micronuclei, a biomarker of genetic damage, in human cells Open
Black cohosh extract (BCE) is a widely used dietary supplement marketed to women to alleviate symptoms of gynecological ailments, yet its toxicity has not been well characterized. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) previously reported s…
View article: Comprehensive evaluation of the flavonol anti-oxidants, alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin and isoquercitrin, for genotoxic potential
Comprehensive evaluation of the flavonol anti-oxidants, alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin and isoquercitrin, for genotoxic potential Open
Quercetin and its glycosides possess potential benefits to human health. Several flavonols are available to consumers as dietary supplements, promoted as anti-oxidants; however, incorporation of natural quercetin glycosides into food and b…
View article: Application of the TGx‐28.65 transcriptomic biomarker to classify genotoxic and non‐genotoxic chemicals in human TK6 cells in the presence of rat liver S9
Application of the TGx‐28.65 transcriptomic biomarker to classify genotoxic and non‐genotoxic chemicals in human TK6 cells in the presence of rat liver S9 Open
In vitro transcriptional signatures that predict toxicities can facilitate chemical screening. We previously developed a transcriptomic biomarker (known as TGx‐28.65) for classifying agents as genotoxic (DNA damaging) and non‐genotoxic in …
View article: Genetic and rat toxicity studies of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase
Genetic and rat toxicity studies of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase Open
The genotoxicity assays and repeated dose toxicity study support the safe use of CGTase in production of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin.