Clinton P. Conrad
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View article: Evaluating IPCC Projections of Global Sea‐Level Change From the Pre‐Satellite Era
Evaluating IPCC Projections of Global Sea‐Level Change From the Pre‐Satellite Era Open
With an acceleration of global sea‐level rise during the satellite altimetry era (since 1993) firmly established, it is now appropriate to examine sea‐level projections made around the onset of this time period. Here we show that the mid‐r…
View article: Mantle Flow and Anisotropy in Subduction Zones: Modeling and Clustering of Olivine Textures
Mantle Flow and Anisotropy in Subduction Zones: Modeling and Clustering of Olivine Textures Open
The mantle near Earth's subduction zones endures intense deformation that generates anisotropic rock textures. These textures can be observed seismically and modeled geodynamically, but the complexity of this deformation makes analyses of …
View article: Seamounts in the Pacific linked to the margins of Earth’s deepest mantle structures
Seamounts in the Pacific linked to the margins of Earth’s deepest mantle structures Open
While seafloor spreading and subduction can explain much of Earth’s volcanism, magmatism oc-curring within plate interiors requires a deeper mantle explanation. Indeed, several types of in-traplate volcanism, such as active hotspots, large…
View article: Importance of solid earth structure for understanding the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet
Importance of solid earth structure for understanding the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet Open
The solid earth structure beneath Greenland, meaning the rocky part of Earth from the ice-bed interface to depth, has gained increased interest in recent years as it provides a critical boundary condition for the dynamic evolution of the G…
View article: Hydrous Regions of the Mantle Transition Zone Lie Beneath Areas of Continental Intraplate Volcanism
Hydrous Regions of the Mantle Transition Zone Lie Beneath Areas of Continental Intraplate Volcanism Open
Great volumes of water are carried downward into the mantle transition zone (MTZ, 410–670 km depth) by subducting slabs. If this water is later drawn upward, the resulting mantle melting may generate continental intraplate volcanism (IPV).…
View article: The global, interdisciplinary lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
The global, interdisciplinary lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary Open
View article: Recent ice melt above a mantle plume track is accelerating the uplift of Southeast Greenland
Recent ice melt above a mantle plume track is accelerating the uplift of Southeast Greenland Open
Around the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet, satellite-based observations of ground uplift record Earth’s response to past and recent unloading of Greenland’s ice mass. On the southeast coast, near the Kangerlussuaq glacier, rapid upli…
View article: Lower mantle water distribution from ab initio proton diffusivity in bridgmanite
Lower mantle water distribution from ab initio proton diffusivity in bridgmanite Open
View article: Prolonged Multi‐Phase Magmatism Due To Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction as Applied to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province
Prolonged Multi‐Phase Magmatism Due To Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction as Applied to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province Open
The widespread High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) exhibits prolonged melting over more than 50 Myr, an observation that is difficult to reconcile with the classic view that large igneous provinces (LIPs) originate from melting in p…
View article: Recent ice melt above a mantle plume track is accelerating the uplift of southeast Greenland
Recent ice melt above a mantle plume track is accelerating the uplift of southeast Greenland Open
Around the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations record uplift, reflecting Earth’s response to past and recent unloading of ice mass. On the southeast coast, near the Kangerlussuaq glacier…
View article: Lateral and radial viscosity structure beneath Fennoscandia inferred from seismic and magnetotelluric observations
Lateral and radial viscosity structure beneath Fennoscandia inferred from seismic and magnetotelluric observations Open
Fennoscandia is continuously uplifting in response to past deglaciation, termed glacial isostatic adjustment or GIA, and its mantle viscosity is well constrained from ice sheet and sea level data. Here, we compare those GIA-constrained vis…
View article: Direct estimation of anisotropic viscosity parameters using texture scores of olivine polycrystals
Direct estimation of anisotropic viscosity parameters using texture scores of olivine polycrystals Open
Earth’s various layers – from the inner core to the cryosphere – exhibit mechanical anisotropy, meaning their properties depend on the direction in which forces are applied. In the upper mantle, the primary source of anis…
View article: Rapid Earth uplift in southeast Greenland driven by recent ice melt above low-viscosity upper mantle
Rapid Earth uplift in southeast Greenland driven by recent ice melt above low-viscosity upper mantle Open
Along the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations observe uplift of a few mm/yr, reflecting Earth’s response to past and contemporary changes in Greenland’s ice mass. On the coas…
View article: Prolonged multi-phase volcanism in the Arctic induced by plume-lithosphere interaction
Prolonged multi-phase volcanism in the Arctic induced by plume-lithosphere interaction Open
Between about 130 and 75 Ma, the Arctic was impacted by widespread and long-lived volcanism known as the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). HALIP is a very unusual large igneous province because it exhibits prolonged melting over …
View article: Sensitivity of Long-Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Free-Air Gravity to Lateral Variations in Lower Mantle Viscosity
Sensitivity of Long-Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Free-Air Gravity to Lateral Variations in Lower Mantle Viscosity Open
Deflection of the Earth’s surface supported by mantle flow, known as dynamic topography, is associated with a free-air gravity anomaly because such topography is not isostatically compensated. Consequently, the ratio of the gravity a…
View article: The Importance of Anisotropic Viscosity in Numerical Models, for Olivine Textures in Shear and Subduction Deformations
The Importance of Anisotropic Viscosity in Numerical Models, for Olivine Textures in Shear and Subduction Deformations Open
Olivine lattice preferred orientation (LPO), or texture, forms in relation to deformation mechanisms such as dislocation creep and can be observed in the upper mantle as seismic anisotropy. Olivine is also mechanically anisotropic, meaning…
View article: Prolonged multi-phase magmatism due to plume lithosphere interaction as applied to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province
Prolonged multi-phase magmatism due to plume lithosphere interaction as applied to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province Open
The widespread High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) exhibits prolonged melting over more than 50 Myr, an observation that is difficult to reconcile with the classic view of large igneous provinces and associated melting in plume head…
View article: The importance of anisotropic viscosity in numerical models for olivine textures in shear and subduction deformations
The importance of anisotropic viscosity in numerical models for olivine textures in shear and subduction deformations Open
Olivine lattice preferred orientation (LPO), or texture, forms in relation to deformation mechanisms such as dislocation creep and can be observed in the upper mantle as seismic anisotropy. Olivine is also mechanically anisotropic, meaning…
View article: Grain size reduction by plug flow in the wet oceanic upper mantle explains the asthenosphere's low seismic Q zone
Grain size reduction by plug flow in the wet oceanic upper mantle explains the asthenosphere's low seismic Q zone Open
View article: Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere
Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere Open
Despite being exposed to convective stresses for much of the Earth’s history, cratonic roots appear capable of resisting mantle shearing. This tectonic stability can be attributed to the neutral density and higher strength of cratons. Howe…
View article: Modeling Viscoelastic Solid Earth Deformation Due To Ice Age and Contemporary Glacial Mass Changes in ASPECT
Modeling Viscoelastic Solid Earth Deformation Due To Ice Age and Contemporary Glacial Mass Changes in ASPECT Open
The redistribution of past and present ice and ocean loading on Earth's surface causes solid Earth deformation and geoid changes, known as glacial isostatic adjustment. The deformation is controlled by elastic and viscous material paramete…
View article: Effect of olivine anisotropic viscosity in advancing and retreating subduction settings
Effect of olivine anisotropic viscosity in advancing and retreating subduction settings Open
Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine crystals occurs due to deformation in the mantle. Different parts of the upper mantle can undergo a large variety of deformation paths. During simple processes, such as simple shearing below o…
View article: Amplification of sub-lithospheric dynamics by melt migration during plume-lithosphere interaction
Amplification of sub-lithospheric dynamics by melt migration during plume-lithosphere interaction Open
The interaction of mantle plumes with continental or cratonic lithosphere can result in (large-scale) volcanism and continental breakup, but these consequences seem to be limited to tectonic settings with pre-existing weak zones. In contra…
View article: Lateral and radial viscosity variations beneath Fennoscandia inferred from seismic and MT observations
Lateral and radial viscosity variations beneath Fennoscandia inferred from seismic and MT observations Open
Fennoscandia is continuously uplifting in response to past deglaciation, a process known as glacial isostatic adjustment or GIA. One of the factors that controls the uplift rates is the viscosity of the upper mantle, which is difficult to …
View article: Convective Self‐Compression of Cratons and the Stabilization of Old Lithosphere
Convective Self‐Compression of Cratons and the Stabilization of Old Lithosphere Open
Despite being exposed to convective stresses for much of the Earth's history, cratonic roots appear capable of resisting mantle shearing. This tectonic stability can be attributed to the neutral density and higher strength of cratons. Howe…
View article: Convective self-compression of cratons and the 1 stabilization of old lithosphere
Convective self-compression of cratons and the 1 stabilization of old lithosphere Open
Key Points: 13 • Mantle flow leads to inwardly convergent tractions around the edges of cratons, 14 and compressive stresses within. 15 • Convergent tractions result from the downward diversion of mantle flow. 16 • This convective self-com…
View article: Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere
Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere Open
Despite being exposed to convective stresses for much of the Earth's history, cratonic roots appear capable of resisting mantle shearing. This tectonic stability can be attributed to the neutral density and higher strength of cratons. Howe…
View article: Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere - DATA SET
Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere - DATA SET Open
Data set for the research work titled, "Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere"
View article: Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere - DATA SET
Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere - DATA SET Open
Data set for the research work titled, "Convective self-compression of cratons and the stabilization of old lithosphere"
View article: Solid Earth Uplift Due To Contemporary Ice Melt Above Low‐Viscosity Regions of the Upper Mantle
Solid Earth Uplift Due To Contemporary Ice Melt Above Low‐Viscosity Regions of the Upper Mantle Open
Glacial isostatic adjustment explains topographic change in formerly and currently glaciated regions, but the role of small (∼100s km) regions of unusually low‐viscosity mantle is poorly understood. We developed viscoelastic models with lo…