Catharine Chambers
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View article: Gaps in immunization coverage at school entry and after two years of school attendance among immigrant and refugee children in Ontario, Canada
Gaps in immunization coverage at school entry and after two years of school attendance among immigrant and refugee children in Ontario, Canada Open
Background Foreign-born children may face greater barriers to accessing routine immunizations in Canada or their country of birth, but provincial surveillance data on immigration status are lacking. Using our provincial immunization reposi…
View article: COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a retrospective population-based cohort of people living with and without HIV in Ontario, Canada
COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a retrospective population-based cohort of people living with and without HIV in Ontario, Canada Open
Uptake of the first two doses of COVID-19 vaccine was high among people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada, however, disparities in uptake of ≥3 doses remain, especially by sex. Continued monitoring of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is crucial to…
View article: Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Urban Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Canada, 2017–2019
Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Urban Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Canada, 2017–2019 Open
Background Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers. In 2015 and 2016, HPV vaccines became publicly funded for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) under 27 years of age in…
View article: Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in a population-based cohort of people with HIV and a matched cohort of people without HIV during Omicron variant waves
Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in a population-based cohort of people with HIV and a matched cohort of people without HIV during Omicron variant waves Open
We found that rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR-confirmed infection were approximately 50% higher in a population-based cohort of people with HIV compared with …
View article: Correlates of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in People with HIV: Results from the CIHR CTN 328 Study
Correlates of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in People with HIV: Results from the CIHR CTN 328 Study Open
COVID-19 breakthrough infection (BTI) can occur despite vaccination. Using a multi-centre, prospective, observational Canadian cohort of people with HIV (PWH) receiving ≥2 COVID-19 vaccines, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and recepto…
View article: Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Open
Background: Real-world evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against longitudinal outcomes is lacking among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We compared 12-month incidence and persistenc…
View article: Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Open
Background: Real-world evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against longitudinal outcomes is lacking among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We compared 12-month incidence and persistenc…
View article: Increases in human papillomavirus vaccine coverage over 12 months among a community-recruited cohort of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada
Increases in human papillomavirus vaccine coverage over 12 months among a community-recruited cohort of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada Open
Background: Starting in 2015/16, most Canadian provinces introduced publicly-funded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) aged ≤ 26 years. We estimated 12-month changes…
View article: Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis
Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis Open
Background: Self-report of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has ~80–90% sensitivity and ~75–85% specificity. We measured the effect of nondifferential exposure misclassification associated with self-reported vaccination on vaccine ef…
View article: Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis
Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis Open
Background: Self-report of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has ~80–90% sensitivity and ~75–85% specificity. We measured the effect of nondifferential exposure misclassification associated with self-reported vaccination on vaccine ef…
View article: COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness by HIV status and history of injection drug use: a test‐negative analysis
COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness by HIV status and history of injection drug use: a test‐negative analysis Open
Introduction People living with HIV (PLWH) and/or who inject drugs may experience lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods A validated algorithm was applied to population‐based, linked administrative datasets …
View article: Antibody neutralization capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV in Canada
Antibody neutralization capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV in Canada Open
Objectives: Many vaccines require higher/additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people with HIV (PWH). Here, we compare coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced antibody neutralization capacity in PWH v…
View article: Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in people living with HIV and HIV-negative individuals and the role of COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective cohort study
Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in people living with HIV and HIV-negative individuals and the role of COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective cohort study Open
PLWH had about two times the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization than HIV-negative individuals in crude analyses which attenuated in propensity score-weighted models. This suggests that the risk differential can be explained by sociodemograph…
View article: Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis
Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis Open
Background: Self-report of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has ~80–90% sensitivity and ~75–85% specificity. We measured the effect of nondifferential exposure misclassification associated with self-reported vaccination on vaccine ef…
View article: Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Vaccine Effectiveness Against 12-Month Incident and Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Open
Background Real-world evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against longitudinal outcomes is lacking among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We compared 12-month incidence and persistence…
View article: COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people with HIV
COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people with HIV Open
Objectives: Many vaccines require higher/additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people with HIV (PWH). Our objective was to compare COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in PWH to HIV-negative individuals. Design: In a …
View article: Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine effectiveness among a population-based cohort of people living with HIV
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine effectiveness among a population-based cohort of people living with HIV Open
Objective: People with HIV were underrepresented in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine clinical trials. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for the…
Low human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among women engaged in HIV care in Ontario, Canada Open
Women living with HIV are at higher risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related dysplasia and cancers and thus are prioritized for HPV vaccination. We measured HPV vaccine uptake among women engaged in HIV care in Ontario, Canada, and iden…
Anal Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Canada Open
Background Starting in 2015, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been publicly funded for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) 26 years or younger in Canada. Methods Self-identified GBM who reported having sex with a…
Influenza Vaccine Does Not Increase the Risk of Coronavirus or Other Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses: Retrospective Analysis From Canada, 2010–2011 to 2016–2017 Open
Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza and noninfluenza respiratory viruses (NIRVs) was assessed by test-negative design using historic datasets of the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network, spannin…
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness by A(H3N2) Phylogenetic Subcluster and Prior Vaccination History: 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 Epidemics in Canada Open
Background The influenza A(H3N2) vaccine was updated from clade 3C.3a in 2015–2016 to 3C.2a for 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Circulating 3C.2a viruses showed considerable hemagglutinin glycoprotein diversification and the egg-adapted vaccine a…
Influenza Classification Suite: An automated Galaxy workflow for rapid influenza sequence analysis Open
Influenza viruses continually evolve to evade population immunity, and the different lineages are assigned into clades based on shared mutations. We have developed a publicly available computational workflow, the Influenza Classification S…
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Lineage-matched and -mismatched Influenza B Viruses Across 8 Seasons in Canada, 2010–2011 to 2017–2018 Open
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza B was derived separately for Victoria and Yamagata lineages across 8 seasons (2010-2011 to 2017-2018) in Canada when trivalent influenza vaccine was predominantly used. VE was ≥50% regardless of…
Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness? Open
We investigated sex as a potential modifier of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017 in Canada. Overall VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 55%) for females and 38% (95% CI, 28% to 46%) for males…