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View article: Redox and magma recharge controls on excess sulfur build-up at Mount Samalas, 1257 CE
Redox and magma recharge controls on excess sulfur build-up at Mount Samalas, 1257 CE Open
The 1257 CE eruption of Mount Samalas (Indonesia) caused the largest stratospheric sulfur injection of the Common Era, as recorded by Greenland and Antarctic ice cores, and led to strong climate perturbations. About 80% of the eruption's s…
View article: Climatic and environmental impacts of the ~74 ka Youngest Toba Tuff volcanic eruption in Indonesia as evidenced from the sediment record of Lake Chala (Tanzania/Kenya)
Climatic and environmental impacts of the ~74 ka Youngest Toba Tuff volcanic eruption in Indonesia as evidenced from the sediment record of Lake Chala (Tanzania/Kenya) Open
The ~74 ka Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption of Mount Toba in Indonesia is considered to be the largest volcanic eruption during the last 2.6 Ma. Its impact on global climate regimes and ecosystems, especially in tropical regions, is impor…
View article: Kanyimangin: the Early to Middle Pleistocene Transition in the south-west of the Turkana Basin
Kanyimangin: the Early to Middle Pleistocene Transition in the south-west of the Turkana Basin Open
The Early to Middle Pleistocene Transition (EMPT) is characterised by major environmental changes and evolutionary innovations within the genus Homo but the scarcity of the African EMPT fossil and archaeological records obscures its palaeo…
View article: Pleistocene climatic variability in eastern Africa influenced hominin evolution: the 620,000-year climate record from Chew Bahir
Pleistocene climatic variability in eastern Africa influenced hominin evolution: the 620,000-year climate record from Chew Bahir Open
As a contribution towards a regional environmental context of human-climate interactions, the ICDP co-funded Chew Bahir Drilling Project, a part of the HSPDP (Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project), recovered ~280-m long cores of s…
View article: Bridging Legends and Science: Field Evidence of a Large Tsunami that Affected the Kingdom of Tonga in the 15th Century
Bridging Legends and Science: Field Evidence of a Large Tsunami that Affected the Kingdom of Tonga in the 15th Century Open
The pre-colonial history (i.e. before the 16th century) of Tonga and West Polynesia still suffers from major gaps despite significant scientific advances in recent years, particularly in the field of archaeology. By the 14th century, the p…
View article: Age of the oldest Homo sapiens from eastern Africa
Age of the oldest Homo sapiens from eastern Africa Open
Efforts to date the oldest modern human fossils in East Africa, from Omo-Kibish and Herto in Ethiopia, have drawn on a variety of chronometric evidence, including 40Ar/39Ar ages of stratigraphically-associated tuffs. The generally-accepted…
View article: The kingdom of Tonga devastated by a megatsunami in the mid-15th century
The kingdom of Tonga devastated by a megatsunami in the mid-15th century Open
<p>The pre-colonial history of Tonga and West Polynesia still suffers from major gaps because its reconstruction is essentially based on legends left by oral tradition, and by archaeological evidence somehow difficult to interpret. B…
View article: Reconciling the climate and ozone response to the 1257 CE Mount Samalas eruption
Reconciling the climate and ozone response to the 1257 CE Mount Samalas eruption Open
Significance The Mount Samalas eruption in 1257, one of the largest explosive volcanic eruptions in the Common Era, has proven a complex case for climate models which have generally overestimated the climate response compared with proxy da…
View article: Ozone column data from Wade et al
Ozone column data from Wade et al Open
Ozone data from HadGEM3-ES simulations used in Wade et al. 2020. Ozone variables are: tracer1 -- the 3D ozone field in mass mixing ration (kg O3 / kg dry air) salinity -- the 3D ozone sub column (Dobson Units) The experiments are: Hi-HAL=[…
View article: Ozone column data from Wade et al
Ozone column data from Wade et al Open
Ozone data from HadGEM3-ES simulations used in Wade et al. 2020. Ozone variables are: tracer1 -- the 3D ozone field in mass mixing ration (kg O3 / kg dry air) salinity -- the 3D ozone sub column (Dobson Units) The experiments are: Hi-HAL=[…
View article: Assessing the role of climate change in human evolution and dispersal: a 600,000-year record from Chew Bahir, southern Ethiopia
Assessing the role of climate change in human evolution and dispersal: a 600,000-year record from Chew Bahir, southern Ethiopia Open
<p>What role did climate dynamics play in the evolution and dispersal of <em>Homo sapiens</em> within and beyond Africa, and in key cultural innovations? Were gradual climatic changes, rapid shifts from wet to dry, or sho…
View article: New Insights into Magma Differentiation and Storage in Holocene Crustal Reservoirs of the Lesser Sunda Arc: the Rinjani–Samalas Volcanic Complex (Lombok, Indonesia)
New Insights into Magma Differentiation and Storage in Holocene Crustal Reservoirs of the Lesser Sunda Arc: the Rinjani–Samalas Volcanic Complex (Lombok, Indonesia) Open
Large explosive eruptions of dacitic magmas, their relationship with their basaltic parent and their conditions of transfer and crystallization are widely debated. Here we report new timing constraints and a detailed study of the mineralog…
View article: The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era Open
Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injec…