Chad M. Thompson
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View article: Why rat oral cavity tumors should not be the basis of quantitative cancer risk assessment for oral exposure to hexavalent chromium
Why rat oral cavity tumors should not be the basis of quantitative cancer risk assessment for oral exposure to hexavalent chromium Open
Several regulatory agencies have developed threshold-based drinking water guidelines for hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] protective of nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in rodents using small intestine tumor data in mice. However, in 2024,…
View article: Highlighting the Importance of Preoperative Imaging in Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report of Rapid Cysticercus Cyst Migration From the Third to the Fourth Ventricle
Highlighting the Importance of Preoperative Imaging in Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report of Rapid Cysticercus Cyst Migration From the Third to the Fourth Ventricle Open
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system commonly caused by Taenia solium. Imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical for diagnosis and follow-up of the infection. In this report, we p…
View article: Human health risk assessment of three smoke flavoring primary products
Human health risk assessment of three smoke flavoring primary products Open
As part of a mandatory 10-year re-authorization process, the safety of three Smoke Flavoring Primary Products (SFPPs) was assessed based on EFSA's guidance. Data available for three SFPPs included OECD guideline studies for in vivo genotox…
View article: Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in wild-type and <i>Ppara</i>-null mouse livers
Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in wild-type and <i>Ppara</i>-null mouse livers Open
Recent in vitro transcriptomic analyses for short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances HFPO-DA (ammonium, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate) added to the weight of evidence supporting the peroxisome proliferator-ac…
View article: Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in mouse, rat, and pooled human hepatocytes
Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in mouse, rat, and pooled human hepatocytes Open
Like many per- or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), toxicity studies with HFPO-DA (ammonium, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate), a short-chain PFAS used in the manufacture of some types of fluorinated polymers, i…
View article: Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in wild-type and PPARα knockout mouse hepatocytes
Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between HFPO-DA and prototypical PPARα, PPARγ, and cytotoxic agents in wild-type and PPARα knockout mouse hepatocytes Open
Recent in vitro transcriptomic analyses for the short-chain polyfluoroalkyl substance, HFPO-DA (ammonium, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate), support conclusions from in vivo data that HFPO-DA-mediated liver effects in …
View article: Assessment of associations between inhaled formaldehyde and lymphohematopoietic cancer through the integration of epidemiological and toxicological evidence with biological plausibility
Assessment of associations between inhaled formaldehyde and lymphohematopoietic cancer through the integration of epidemiological and toxicological evidence with biological plausibility Open
Formaldehyde is recognized as carcinogenic for the portal of entry sites, though conclusions are mixed regarding lymphohematopoietic (LHP) cancers. This systematic review assesses the likelihood of a causal relationship between formaldehyd…
View article: Derivation of oral cancer slope factors for hexavalent chromium informed by pharmacokinetic models and in vivo genotoxicity data
Derivation of oral cancer slope factors for hexavalent chromium informed by pharmacokinetic models and in vivo genotoxicity data Open
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is present in drinking water from natural and anthropogenic sources at approximately 1 ppb. Several regulatory bodies have recently developed threshold-based safety criteria for Cr(VI) of 30-100 ppb based on ev…
View article: Assessment of the in vivo genotoxic potential of three smoke flavoring primary product mixtures
Assessment of the in vivo genotoxic potential of three smoke flavoring primary product mixtures Open
Smoke flavorings are mixtures generated from wood pyrolysis that are filtered to remove tar and are often considered healthier alternatives to conventional smoking processes. While the latter is mostly unregulated, smoke‐flavoring primary …
View article: A putative adverse outcome network for neonatal mortality and lower birth weight in rodents: Applicability to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and relevance to human health
A putative adverse outcome network for neonatal mortality and lower birth weight in rodents: Applicability to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and relevance to human health Open
Background Some per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) cause neonatal mortality and lower birth weight in rodents. We constructed an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) network for neonatal mortality and lower birth weight in rodents, compr…
View article: Letter to “Chepelev et al. Establishing a quantitative framework for regulatory interpretation of genetic toxicity dose–response data: Margin of exposure case study of 48 compounds with both in vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity dose–response data”
Letter to “Chepelev et al. Establishing a quantitative framework for regulatory interpretation of genetic toxicity dose–response data: Margin of exposure case study of 48 compounds with both in vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity dose–response data” Open
We read with great interest the recent article by Chepelev et al. (2023) in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. The study expands upon previous important work investigating the relationship between carcinogenic and genotoxic potency o…
View article: Assessment of the mode of action underlying development of liver lesions in mice following oral exposure to HFPO-DA and relevance to humans
Assessment of the mode of action underlying development of liver lesions in mice following oral exposure to HFPO-DA and relevance to humans Open
HFPO-DA (ammonium, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate) is a short-chain polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) used in the manufacture of some types of fluorinated polymers. Like many PFAS, toxicity studies with HFPO-DA i…
View article: Assessment of Mouse Liver Histopathology Following Exposure to HFPO-DA With Emphasis on Understanding Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Death
Assessment of Mouse Liver Histopathology Following Exposure to HFPO-DA With Emphasis on Understanding Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Death Open
Ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate (HFPO-DA) is a short chain member of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). To better understand the relevance of histopathological effects seen in livers of mice exposed …
View article: Evaluation of Transcriptomic Responses in Livers of Mice Exposed to the Short-Chain PFAS Compound HFPO-DA
Evaluation of Transcriptomic Responses in Livers of Mice Exposed to the Short-Chain PFAS Compound HFPO-DA Open
HFPO-DA (ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate; CASRN 62037-80-3) is a component of the GenX technology platform used as a polymerization aid in the manufacture of some types of fluoropolymers. The liver is the pri…
View article: Assessment of the applicability of the threshold of toxicological concern for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Assessment of the applicability of the threshold of toxicological concern for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Open
While toxicity information is available for selected PFAS, little or no information is available for most, thereby necessitating a resource-effective approach to screen and prioritize those needing further safety assessment. The threshold …
View article: Crypt and Villus Transcriptomic Responses in Mouse Small Intestine Following Oral Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium
Crypt and Villus Transcriptomic Responses in Mouse Small Intestine Following Oral Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium Open
Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) induces tumors in the mouse duodenum. Previous microarray-based transcriptomic analyses of homogenized mouse duodenal tissue have demonstrated Cr(VI)-induced alterations in various cellular pat…
View article: A review of mammalian<i>in vivo</i>genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium: implications for oral carcinogenicity risk assessment
A review of mammalian<i>in vivo</i>genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium: implications for oral carcinogenicity risk assessment Open
Assessment of genotoxicity is a critical component of mode of action (MOA) analysis and carcinogen risk assessment due to its influence on quantitative risk extrapolation approaches. To date, clear guidance and expert consensus on the dete…
View article: Inhalation cancer risk assessment for environmental exposure to hexavalent chromium: Comparison of margin-of-exposure and linear extrapolation approaches
Inhalation cancer risk assessment for environmental exposure to hexavalent chromium: Comparison of margin-of-exposure and linear extrapolation approaches Open
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exists in the ambient air at low concentrations (average upperbound ~0.1 ng/m3) yet airborne concentrations typically exceed EPA's Regional Screening Level for residential exposure (0.012 ng/m3<…
View article: Butylated hydroxyanisole: Carcinogenic food additive to be avoided or harmless antioxidant important to protect food supply?
Butylated hydroxyanisole: Carcinogenic food additive to be avoided or harmless antioxidant important to protect food supply? Open
Tumor data from rodent bioassays are used for cancer hazard classification with wide-ranging consequences. This paper presents a case study of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which IARC classified as Group 2B ("po…
View article: Using mechanistic information to support evidence integration and synthesis: a case study with inhaled formaldehyde and leukemia
Using mechanistic information to support evidence integration and synthesis: a case study with inhaled formaldehyde and leukemia Open
Formaldehyde is one of the most comprehensively studied chemicals, with over 30 years of research focused on understanding the development of cancer following inhalation. The causal conclusions regarding the potential for leukemia are larg…
View article: Assessment of Mechanistic Data for Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Rodent Intestinal Cancer Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens
Assessment of Mechanistic Data for Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Rodent Intestinal Cancer Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens Open
Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) induces intestinal tumors in mice. Mutagenic and nonmutagenic modes of action (MOAs) have been accepted by different regulatory bodies globally, the latter involving cytotoxicity-induced regene…
View article: Using mechanistic information to support evidence integration and synthesis: a case study with inhaled formaldehyde and leukemia
Using mechanistic information to support evidence integration and synthesis: a case study with inhaled formaldehyde and leukemia Open
Formaldehyde is one of the most comprehensively studied chemicals, with over 30 years of research focused on understanding the development of cancer following inhalation. The causal conclusions regarding the potential for leukemia are larg…
View article: An adverse outcome pathway for small intestinal tumors in mice involving chronic cytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia: a case study with hexavalent chromium, captan, and folpet
An adverse outcome pathway for small intestinal tumors in mice involving chronic cytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia: a case study with hexavalent chromium, captan, and folpet Open
Small intestinal (SI) tumors are relatively uncommon outcomes in rodent cancer bioassays, and limited information regarding chemical-induced SI tumorigenesis has been reported in the published literature. Herein, we propose a cytotoxicity-…
View article: Exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of hexavalent chromium does not induce ovarian toxicity in mice
Exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of hexavalent chromium does not induce ovarian toxicity in mice Open
Exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in drinking water (≥250 ppm) is reported to decrease ovarian follicle counts and increase follicular atresia in mice. To assess effects at lower concentrations, herein we expo…
View article: High-Throughput Screening Data Interpretation in the Context of In Vivo Transcriptomic Responses to Oral Cr(VI) Exposure
High-Throughput Screening Data Interpretation in the Context of In Vivo Transcriptomic Responses to Oral Cr(VI) Exposure Open
The toxicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in drinking water has been studied extensively, and available in vivo and in vitro studies provide a robust dataset for application of advanced toxicological tools to inform the mode of action (…
View article: Assessment of the Mode of Action Underlying the Effects of GenX in Mouse Liver and Implications for Assessing Human Health Risks
Assessment of the Mode of Action Underlying the Effects of GenX in Mouse Liver and Implications for Assessing Human Health Risks Open
GenX is an alternative to environmentally persistent long-chain perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Mice exposed to GenX exhibit liver hypertrophy, elevated peroxisomal enzyme activity, and other apical endpoints consistent with…
View article: Comparison of Gene Expression Responses in the Small Intestine of Mice Following Exposure to 3 Carcinogens Using the S1500+ Gene Set Informs a Potential Common Adverse Outcome Pathway
Comparison of Gene Expression Responses in the Small Intestine of Mice Following Exposure to 3 Carcinogens Using the S1500+ Gene Set Informs a Potential Common Adverse Outcome Pathway Open
Carcinogenesis of the small intestine is rare in humans and rodents. Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and the fungicides captan and folpet induce intestinal carcinogenesis in mice. Previously ( Toxicol Pathol. 330:48-52), we s…
View article: Development of an oral reference dose for the perfluorinated compound GenX
Development of an oral reference dose for the perfluorinated compound GenX Open
Ammonium 2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐2‐(heptafluoropropoxy)‐propanoate, also known as GenX, is a processing aid used in the manufacture of fluoropolymers. GenX is one of several chemistries developed as an alternative to long‐chain poly‐fluoroalky…
View article: Considerations for refining the risk assessment process for formaldehyde: Results from an interdisciplinary workshop
Considerations for refining the risk assessment process for formaldehyde: Results from an interdisciplinary workshop Open
View article: Dose-dependence of chemical carcinogenicity: Biological mechanisms for thresholds and implications for risk assessment
Dose-dependence of chemical carcinogenicity: Biological mechanisms for thresholds and implications for risk assessment Open
Current regulatory practices for chemical carcinogens were established when scientific understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis was in its infancy. Initial discovery that DNA mutation was the root of cancer led …