Chris Archibald
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View article: The Association Between Different Levels of Suppressed Viral Load and the Risk of Sexual Transmission of HIV Among Serodiscordant Couples on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review
The Association Between Different Levels of Suppressed Viral Load and the Risk of Sexual Transmission of HIV Among Serodiscordant Couples on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review Open
The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in serodiscordant couples when the partner living with HIV (PLHIV) uses antiretroviral therapy (ART) and maintains a suppressed viral load (VL) (< 200 copies/mL) is estimated at 0.00 transmissions per…
View article: Notable transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs in Pakistan
Notable transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs in Pakistan Open
Background Transmission of drug-resistant HIV strains to treatment-naïve patients can compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness and lead to treatment failure. In Pakistan, transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject…
View article: Association between different levels of suppressed viral load and the risk of sexual transmission of HIV among serodiscordant couples on antiretroviral therapy: a protocol for a two-step systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Association between different levels of suppressed viral load and the risk of sexual transmission of HIV among serodiscordant couples on antiretroviral therapy: a protocol for a two-step systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis Open
Introduction HIV is a major global public health issue. The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in serodiscordant couples when the partner living with HIV maintains a suppressed viral load of <200 copies of HIV copies/mL has been found in s…
View article: Notable transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs in Pakistan
Notable transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs in Pakistan Open
Transmission of drug-resistant HIV strains to treatment-naïve patients can compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness and lead to treatment failure. In Pakistan, transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs (PWI…
View article: Risk of transmission of HIV to infants during breast/chest feeding when mothers/birthing parents living with HIV are on antiretroviral therapy: a protocol for a rapid review
Risk of transmission of HIV to infants during breast/chest feeding when mothers/birthing parents living with HIV are on antiretroviral therapy: a protocol for a rapid review Open
Introduction HIV is a major public health issue affecting millions globally. Women and girls account for 46% of new HIV infections in 2022 and approximately 1.3 million females become pregnant every year. Vertical transmission of HIV from …
View article: Risk of sexual transmission of HIV in the context of viral load suppression
Risk of sexual transmission of HIV in the context of viral load suppression Open
This update highlights the consistency of evidence since the 2018 PHAC review. There remains no evidence of HIV transmission to sexual partners when a person living with HIV is on ART and maintains a suppressed viral load.
View article: Risk factors of HIV and variation in access to clean needles among people who inject drugs in Pakistan
Risk factors of HIV and variation in access to clean needles among people who inject drugs in Pakistan Open
We identified key risk factors for HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Pakistan and explored access to free clean needles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between HIV prevalence and demographi…
View article: HIV Phylogenetics Reveals Overlapping Transmission Networks among Cities and Key Populations in Pakistan
HIV Phylogenetics Reveals Overlapping Transmission Networks among Cities and Key Populations in Pakistan Open
The first case of HIV in Pakistan was documented in 1987, with multiple subtypes and circulating recombinant forms being introduced and currently circulating in the country. Since then, there has been a shift in the country from a low prev…
View article: Elucidating Drivers for Variations in the Explosive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among People Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan
Elucidating Drivers for Variations in the Explosive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among People Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan Open
Background Pakistan’s explosive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) varies widely across cities. We evaluated possible drivers for these variations. Methods Multivariable regression analyses wer…
View article: Trends in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use in eight Canadian provinces, 2014–2018
Trends in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use in eight Canadian provinces, 2014–2018 Open
Introduction: Canada has endorsed the Joint United National Programme on HIV and AIDS global targets to end the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, including reducing new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections to zer…
View article: Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020
Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020 Open
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a goal to eliminate HBV infection as a public health threat by 2030, and defined targets for key interventions to achieve tha…
View article: Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020
Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020 Open
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a goal to eliminate HBV infection as a public health threat by 2030, and defined targets for key interventions to achieve tha…
View article: Increased CD4 : CD8 ratio normalization with implementation of current ART management guidelines
Increased CD4 : CD8 ratio normalization with implementation of current ART management guidelines Open
Objectives To determine the time to CD4 : CD8 ratio normalization among Canadian adults living with HIV in the modern ART era. To identify characteristics associated with ratio normalization. Patients and methods Retrospective analysis of …
View article: HIV-1 phylodynamic analysis among people who inject drugs in Pakistan correlates with trends in illicit opioid trade
HIV-1 phylodynamic analysis among people who inject drugs in Pakistan correlates with trends in illicit opioid trade Open
Pakistan is considered by the World Health Organization to currently have a "concentrated" HIV-1 epidemic due to a rapid rise in infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). Prevalence among the country's nearly 105,000 PWID is estimat…
View article: Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in children and youth in Canada, January 15–April 27, 2020
Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in children and youth in Canada, January 15–April 27, 2020 Open
Understanding the epidemiology of COVID-19 among children and youth in Canada will help to inform public health measures in settings where children gather. As of April 27, 2020, provinces and territories provided the Public Health Agency o…
View article: HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2018
HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2018 Open
The number and rate of reported HIV cases in Canada increased in 2018, gbMSM continued to account for the largest exposure category and the number and rate of reported HIV cases among women increased. PHAC will continue to work with its na…
View article: Improving national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses
Improving national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses Open
The purpose of national HIV surveillance is to track and summarize trends in newly diagnosed cases as an indicator of HIV transmission within Canada, and supports the development and evaluation of programs and policies for prevention, test…
View article: Newly diagnosed cases of HIV in those aged 50 years and older and those less than 50: 2008–2017
Newly diagnosed cases of HIV in those aged 50 years and older and those less than 50: 2008–2017 Open
In Canada, over 20% of all newly diagnosed cases of HIV are now in people 50 years of age and older. HIV testing and prevention initiatives, historically aimed at younger populations, may not have the same impact for older populations. The…
View article: P686 The enhanced surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea (ESAG) in canada
P686 The enhanced surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea (ESAG) in canada Open
Background Gonorrhea (GC) is the most commonly reported drug resistant sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Canada with 23,708 cases reported in 2016, double the 11,874 cases reported in 2007, corresponding to an 81% increase in rates. …
View article: Summary of available surveillance data on hepatitis C virus infection from eight Arctic countries, 2012 to 2014
Summary of available surveillance data on hepatitis C virus infection from eight Arctic countries, 2012 to 2014 Open
We summarised available hepatitis C virus (HCV) surveillance data for 2012–14 from Arctic/sub-Arctic countries/regions. We sent a HCV data collection template by email to public health authorities in all jurisdictions. Population statistic…
View article: Summary of available surveillance data on hepatitis C virus infection from eight Arctic countries, 2012 to 2014
Summary of available surveillance data on hepatitis C virus infection from eight Arctic countries, 2012 to 2014 Open
We summarised available hepatitis C virus (HCV) surveillance data for 2012-14 from Arctic/sub-Arctic countries/regions. We sent a HCV data collection template by email to public health authorities in all jurisdictions. Population statistic…
View article: International trends in new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men in North America, Western Europe and Australia 2000-2014
International trends in new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men in North America, Western Europe and Australia 2000-2014 Open
An increase in HIV diagnoses in men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income countries was identified from 2000-2005. We sought to investigate recent trends through 2014 to better inform treatment and prevention strategies.
View article: Immigrant Arrival and Tuberculosis among Large Immigrant- and Refugee-Receiving Countries, 2005–2009
Immigrant Arrival and Tuberculosis among Large Immigrant- and Refugee-Receiving Countries, 2005–2009 Open
Objective . Tuberculosis control in foreign-born populations is a major public health concern for Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States, large immigrant- and refugee-receiving countries that comprise the Imm…
View article: Genomic Epidemiology and Molecular Resistance Mechanisms of Azithromycin-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada from 1997 to 2014
Genomic Epidemiology and Molecular Resistance Mechanisms of Azithromycin-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada from 1997 to 2014 Open
The emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and azithromycin (AZM) resistance (AZM r ) represents a public health threat of untreatable gonorrhea infections. Genomic epidemiology through w…