Explanipedia

Hurricane forecasts are more accurate than ever – NOAA funding cuts could change that, with a busy storm season coming Open

Chris Vagasky · 2025

How Much Lightning Actually Strikes the United States? Open

Chris Vagasky, Ronald L. Holle, Martin J. Murphy, John A. Cramer, R. Said , et al. · 2024

The number of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes over the contiguous United States (CONUS) has been estimated to be from as small as 25 million per year to as many as 40 million. In addition, many CG flashes contact the ground in more than one p…

Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes Open

Mie Ichihara, Pablo D. Mininni, S. Ravichandran, Corrado Cimarelli, Chris Vagasky · 2023

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH), a submarine caldera volcano of the Tonga archipelago, erupted explosively on January 15, 2022. The eruption generated the highest concentration of lightning events ever recorded, producing characteristic r…

Dataset for Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes Open

Pablo D. Mininni, Mie Ichihara, S. Ravichandran, Corrado Cimarelli, Chris Vagasky · 2023

Datasets for all figures in "Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes." Data comes from observations of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption on January 15, 2022, and from numerical simulations of the B…

Dataset for Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes Open

Pablo D. Mininni, Mie Ichihara, S. Ravichandran, Corrado Cimarelli, Chris Vagasky · 2023

Datasets for all figures in "Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes." Data comes from observations of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption on January 15, 2022, and from numerical simulations of the B…

Lightning Rings and Gravity Waves: Insights Into the Giant Eruption Plume From Tonga's Hunga Volcano on 15 January 2022 Open

Alexa R. Van Eaton, Jeff Lapierre, Sonja A. Behnke, Chris Vagasky, Christopher J. Schultz , et al. · 2023

On 15 January 2022, Hunga Volcano in Tonga produced the most violent eruption in the modern satellite era, sending a water‐rich plume at least 58 km high. Using a combination of satellite‐ and ground‐based sensors, we investigate the aston…

Volcanic lightning reveals umbrella cloud dynamics of the January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption Open

Paul A. Jarvis, G. Caldwell, N Chris, Yasuo Ogawa, Chris Vagasky · 2023

The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) significantly impacted the Kingdom of Tonga as well as the wider Pacific region. The eruption column attained a maximum height of 58 km whilst the umbrella cloud reached a di…

Supplementary Data for "Volcanic lightning reveals umbrella cloud dynamics of the January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption" Open

Paul A. Jarvis, T. G. Caldwell, N Chris, Yasuo Ogawa, Chris Vagasky · 2023

This repository contains Supplementary Data in support of the pre-print "Volcanic lightning reveals umbrella cloud dynamics of the January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption" by Jarvis et al., posted on EarthArXiv.

Remote Characterization of the 12 January 2020 Eruption of Taal Volcano, Philippines, Using Seismo-Acoustic, Volcanic Lightning, and Satellite Observations Open

Anna Perttu, Jelle Assink, Alexa R. Van Eaton, Corentin Caudron, Chris Vagasky , et al. · 2023

On 12 January 2020, an eruption began on the shores of the Main Crater Lake (MCL) of Taal Volcano—a caldera system on the southern end of Luzon Island in the Philippines. Taal, one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines, is locate…

Lightning and volcanic plume data from the climactic eruption of Hunga Volcano, Tonga, in January 2022 Open

Alexa R. Van Eaton, Sonja A. Behnke, Jeff Lapierre, Chris Vagasky, Christopher J. Schultz , et al. · 2023

This dataset contains lightning and volcanic plume data for the eruption of Hunga Volcano in Tonga from 13–15 January 2022. The dataset consists of two files. The first is a spreadsheet containing four tabs: (1) Ground-based flashes, which…

Lightning and volcanic plume data from the climactic eruption of Hunga Volcano, Tonga, in January 2022 Open

Alexa R. Van Eaton, Sonja A. Behnke, Jeff Lapierre, Chris Vagasky, Christopher J. Schultz , et al. · 2023

This dataset contains lightning and volcanic plume data for the eruption of Hunga Volcano in Tonga from 13–15 January 2022. The dataset consists of two files. The first is a spreadsheet containing four tabs: (1) Ground-based flashes, which…

Responses of the AC/DC Global Electric Circuit to Volcanic Electrical Activity in the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption on 15 January 2022 Open

József Bór, Tamás Bozóki, Gabriella Sátori, Earle Williams, Sonja A. Behnke , et al. · 2023

Responses of the AC and DC global electric circuits (GECs) to the large eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT‐HH) volcano on 15 January 2022 are discussed. The AC‐related investigation is based on Schumann resonance (SR) measuremen…

Immediate effects of the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption on the AC and DC Global Electric Circuits Open

József Bór, Tamás Bozóki, Gabriella Sátori, Earle Williams, Sonja Ann Behnke , et al. · 2023

Observed responses of the AC and DC parts of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) to the large eruption of the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai (HT-HH) volcano on 15 January, 2022 are presented. The AC-related investigation is based on Schum…

Lightning stroke rates, atmospheric electric potential gradient data, and Schumann resonance data corresponding to the eruption of the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha'apai volcano on January 15, 2022 Open

József Bór, Michael Atkinson, Sonja A. Behnke, Tamás Bozóki, Attila Buzás , et al. · 2023

This dataset contains measured data corresponding to the eruption of the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15, 2022. Time series of lightning stroke rates and atmospheric electric potential gradient (PG) data were converted to…

Lightning stroke rates, atmospheric electric potential gradient data, and Schumann resonance data corresponding to the eruption of the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha'apai volcano on January 15, 2022 Open

József Bór, Michael Atkinson, Sonja A. Behnke, Tamás Bozóki, Attila Buzás , et al. · 2022

This dataset contains measured data corresponding to the eruption of the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15, 2022. Time series of lightning stroke rates and atmospheric electric potential gradient (PG) data were converted to…

Hunga-Tonga Games: Unravelling the Timing and Size of the Biggest Volcanic Explosion in 30 Years Open

Gary M. Thompson, Stephen R. McNutt, Melissa Scruggs, Frank J. Spera, Yingcai Zheng , et al. · 2022

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Hunga-Tonga Games: Unravelling the Timing and Size of the Biggest Volcanic Explosion in 30 YearsAuthorsGlennThompsoniDStephenMcNuttiDMe…

Arctic lightning and anthropogenic NOx emissions estimated from TROPOMI observations Open

Xin Zhang, Yan Yin, Ronald van der A, Jieying Ding, Henk Eskes , et al. · 2022

<p>The Arctic is experiencing rapid climate change. The increasing temperature not only reduces the sea-ice extent but will also have doubled the number of lightning flashes by the end of the century. The unlocked Arctic ocean can al…

Enveloped Eyewall Lightning: The EEL Signature in Tropical Cyclones Open

Chris Vagasky · 2017

A variety of strategies are employed to monitor the strength and track of tropical cyclones, including aircraft reconnaissance and satellite.Recent developments to lightning location systems have provided another tool for monitoring tropic…

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