Christopher J. Spiers
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View article: Frictional Behavior of Natural Granite Gouges at Hydrothermal Conditions With Varied Initial Grain Size
Frictional Behavior of Natural Granite Gouges at Hydrothermal Conditions With Varied Initial Grain Size Open
Fine‐grained gouge found in fault cores controls earthquake generation through its frictional behavior and microstructural evolution. Here we present friction experiments on natural granitic gouges of various initial grain sizes at hydroth…
View article: Non‐Hertzian Stress Fields in Simulated Porous Sandstone Grains and Implications for Compactive Brittle Failure—A High‐Resolution FEM Approach
Non‐Hertzian Stress Fields in Simulated Porous Sandstone Grains and Implications for Compactive Brittle Failure—A High‐Resolution FEM Approach Open
Fluid extraction from sandstone reservoirs leads to reservoir compaction, potentially inducing surface subsidence and seismicity, as observed in the Groningen Gas Field, Netherlands. Such compaction is partly elastic, but can additionally …
View article: The effect of micas on the strength of experimental granitoid fault gouge
The effect of micas on the strength of experimental granitoid fault gouge Open
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View article: The Effect of Micas on the Strength of Experimental Granitoid Fault Gouge
The Effect of Micas on the Strength of Experimental Granitoid Fault Gouge Open
Sheet silicates play an important role in shaping crustal rheology and causing strain localization at shallow depths through their low strength. However, their effect on crustal rheology at deeper levels (>3 km) remains unclear. We conduct…
View article: Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges Subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity
Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges Subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity Open
Under critical conditions where experimental fault slip exhibits self‐sustained oscillation, effects of normal stress oscillation (NSO) on fault strength and stability remain poorly understood, as do potential effects of NSO on natural and…
View article: Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity
Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity Open
Under critical conditions where experimental fault slip exhibits self-sustained oscillation, effects of normal stress oscillation (NSO) on fault strength and stability remain poorly understood, as do potential effects of NSO on natural and…
View article: Rapid Normal Stress Oscillations Cause Weakening and Anelastic Dilation in Gouge‐Bearing Faults
Rapid Normal Stress Oscillations Cause Weakening and Anelastic Dilation in Gouge‐Bearing Faults Open
Fault normal stress ( σ n ) changes dynamically during earthquakes. However, the impact of these changes on fault strength is poorly understood. We explore the effects of rapidly varying σ n by conducting rotary‐shear experiments on simula…
View article: The Frictional‐Viscous Transition in Experimentally Deformed Granitoid Fault Gouge
The Frictional‐Viscous Transition in Experimentally Deformed Granitoid Fault Gouge Open
In crustal faults dominated by granitoid gouges, the frictional‐viscous transition marks a significant change in strength constraining the lower depth limit of the seismogenic zone. Dissolution‐precipitation creep (DPC) may play an importa…
View article: Evolution of Microcracks in Damaged Natural Salt: Insights from 4D imaging
Evolution of Microcracks in Damaged Natural Salt: Insights from 4D imaging Open
Rocksalt formations are critical candidates for storing natural gas, hydrogen, compressed air energy, and radioactive waste. While pure, undisturbed rock salt deposits exhibit low porosity and impermeability when buried deeply, excavation …
View article: Hydrothermal Alteration-Induced Weakening in Experimentally Deformed Fault Gouges
Hydrothermal Alteration-Induced Weakening in Experimentally Deformed Fault Gouges Open
In the granitoid crust, phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges are prevalent in mature fault zones undergoing hydrothermal alteration and often exhibit lower frictional strength compared to framework minerals (e.g., qtz, fds) under deformation a…
View article: Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity
Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity Open
Under critical conditions where fault slip exhibits self-sustained oscillation in experiments, effects of normal stress oscillation (NSO) on fault strength and stability remain uncertain, as do potential effects of NSO on natural and induc…
View article: Reservoir compaction during and after fluid production: A case study of the Groningen Gas Field
Reservoir compaction during and after fluid production: A case study of the Groningen Gas Field Open
Prolonged hydrocarbon production often leads to subsidence and seismicity in offshore and onshore hydrocarbon fields. In the Netherlands, tens of centimetres of subsidence has occurred above the Groningen Gas Field, with widespread induced…
View article: Frictional properties of natural granite fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions: A case study of strike-slip fault from Anninghe Fault zone, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Frictional properties of natural granite fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions: A case study of strike-slip fault from Anninghe Fault zone, southeastern Tibetan Plateau Open
The Anninghe Fault (ANHF) is a large left-lateral strike-slip fault in southwestern China, and it is one of the major seismogenic fault zones where several strong earthquakes happened in history with a high level of seismic potential. To u…
View article: Compaction of crushed salt for safe containment – a summary of the KOMPASS projects
Compaction of crushed salt for safe containment – a summary of the KOMPASS projects Open
For the underground disposal of high-level nuclear waste in rock salt formations, the safety concept includes the backfilling of open cavities with crushed salt. For the prognosis of the sealing function of the backfill for the safe contai…
View article: Elucidating the Structure and Composition of Individual Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Supported Catalysts by Atom Probe Tomography
Elucidating the Structure and Composition of Individual Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Supported Catalysts by Atom Probe Tomography Open
Understanding and controlling the structure and composition of nanoparticles in supported metal catalysts are crucial to improve chemical processes. For this, atom probe tomography (APT) is a unique tool, as it allows for spatially resolve…
View article: Compaction of Crushed Salt for Safe Containment - Overview of Phase 2 of the KOMPASS Project
Compaction of Crushed Salt for Safe Containment - Overview of Phase 2 of the KOMPASS Project Open
Crushed salt may be used as backfill material and sealing measures of open cavities, drifts and shafts in nuclear waste repositories located in rock salt formations. The host rock salt will gradually compact the crushed over time due to sa…
View article: Weakening of granitoid gouge in hydrothermal ring shear experiments
Weakening of granitoid gouge in hydrothermal ring shear experiments Open
Fault gouges of granitoid composition represent the principal non-cohesive tectonites within fault zones in the continental crust. The spatial distribution and strength of granitoid fault gouges is therefore crucial for understanding how w…
View article: Fault Weakening During Short Seismic Slip Pulse Experiments: The Role of Pressurized Water and Implications for Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas Field
Fault Weakening During Short Seismic Slip Pulse Experiments: The Role of Pressurized Water and Implications for Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas Field Open
High‐velocity friction experiments on simulated fault gouges sheared at high normal stress and to low displacement are particularly relevant to induced seismicity, which is becoming an important topic in fault mechanics. Using a new, impro…
View article: Hydrothermal Friction Experiments on Simulated Basaltic Fault Gouge and Implications for Megathrust Earthquakes
Hydrothermal Friction Experiments on Simulated Basaltic Fault Gouge and Implications for Megathrust Earthquakes Open
Nucleation of earthquake slip at the plate boundary fault (décollement) in subduction zones has been widely linked to the frictional properties of subducting sedimentary facies. However, recent seismological and geological observations sug…
View article: Seismic Fault Slip Behavior Predicted From Internal Microphysical Processes
Seismic Fault Slip Behavior Predicted From Internal Microphysical Processes Open
Earthquake simulation and hazard prediction are strongly hampered by insufficient physical knowledge of the constitutive behavior of faults. Laboratory studies of carbonate fault friction suggest that seismogenic rupture on faults in carbo…
View article: A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt
A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt Open
We review and discuss experimental observations of the frictional sliding of porous, fluid saturated faults in salt. In previous work, granular salt has been used almost exclusively as an analogue for quartz under hydrothermal conditions d…
View article: Compaction of crushed salt for safe containment – Overview of phase 2 of the KOMPASS project
Compaction of crushed salt for safe containment – Overview of phase 2 of the KOMPASS project Open
The KOMPASS project strives to improve the scientific basis behind using crushed salt for long-term isolation of high-level nuclear waste within rock salt repositories. Efforts to improve the prediction of crushed salt compaction began dur…
View article: Friction law for earthquake nucleation: size doesn’t matter
Friction law for earthquake nucleation: size doesn’t matter Open
A central question in modeling induced and natural earthquake nucleation is whether fault frictional properties measured in the laboratory are applicable to nature. A laboratory fault is generally just a few centimeters in length-width sca…
View article: Stress-Strain-Sorption Behaviour of Smectites Upon Exposure to Dry and Wet CO2
Stress-Strain-Sorption Behaviour of Smectites Upon Exposure to Dry and Wet CO2 Open
The swelling-shrinkage behavior of smectites induced by interlayer uptake or sorption of CO 2 and H 2 O has been investigated with increasing interest recent years, primarily because of its potential impact on the sealing efficiency of cla…