Christopher M. Heirwegh
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View article: Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars
Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars Open
The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures1-7. Upon entering Neretva Vallis,…
View article: Fe-phosphates in Jezero Crater as evidence for an ancient habitable environment on Mars
Fe-phosphates in Jezero Crater as evidence for an ancient habitable environment on Mars Open
Phosphorus is an essential component for life, and in-situ identification of phosphate minerals that formed in aqueous conditions directly contributes toward one of the main goals of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover: to seek signs of ancie…
View article: In situ evidence for serpentinization within the Máaz formation, Jezero crater, Mars
In situ evidence for serpentinization within the Máaz formation, Jezero crater, Mars Open
As both a source of atmospheric H 2 and a sink for liquid water, the serpentinization of olivine-bearing rocks is widely thought to have influenced the long-term evolution of the early martian atmosphere and hydrosphere. However, the mecha…
View article: In situ crystallographic mapping constrains sulfate precipitation and timing in Jezero crater, Mars
In situ crystallographic mapping constrains sulfate precipitation and timing in Jezero crater, Mars Open
Late-stage Ca-sulfate–filled fractures are common on Mars. Notably, the Shenandoah formation in the western edge of Jezero crater preserves a variety of Ca-sulfate minerals in the fine-grained siliciclastic rocks explored by the Perseveran…
View article: THE DETECTION OF A POTENTIAL BIOSIGNATURE BY THE PERSEVERANCE ROVER ON MARS
THE DETECTION OF A POTENTIAL BIOSIGNATURE BY THE PERSEVERANCE ROVER ON MARS Open
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View article: Diverse and highly differentiated lava suite in Jezero crater, Mars: Constraints on intracrustal magmatism revealed by Mars 2020 PIXL
Diverse and highly differentiated lava suite in Jezero crater, Mars: Constraints on intracrustal magmatism revealed by Mars 2020 PIXL Open
The Jezero crater floor features a suite of related, iron-rich lavas that were examined and sampled by the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance, and whose textures, minerals, and compositions were characterized by the Planetary Instrument for X-ra…
View article: Fe-phosphates in Jezero Crater: Chemical, Structural, and Spectral Evidence for an Ancient Habitable Environment on Mars
Fe-phosphates in Jezero Crater: Chemical, Structural, and Spectral Evidence for an Ancient Habitable Environment on Mars Open
Phosphorus is an essential component for life, and in-situ identification of phosphate minerals that formed in aqueous conditions directly contributes toward one of the main goals of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover: to seek signs of ancie…
View article: In-situ crystallographic mapping constrains sulfate deposition and timing in Jezero crater, Mars
In-situ crystallographic mapping constrains sulfate deposition and timing in Jezero crater, Mars Open
Late-stage Ca-sulfate-filled fractures are common on Mars. Notably, the Shenandoah formation in the western edge of Jezero crater preserves a variety of Ca-sulfate minerals in the fine-grained siliciclastic rocks explored by the Perseveran…
View article: Inorganic interpretation of luminescent materials encountered by the Perseverance rover on Mars
Inorganic interpretation of luminescent materials encountered by the Perseverance rover on Mars Open
A major objective of the Mars 2020 mission is to sample rocks in Jezero crater that may preserve organic matter for later return to Earth. Using an ultraviolet Raman and luminescence spectrometer, the Perseverance rover detected luminescen…
View article: Energy dependence of x‐ray beam size produced by polycapillary x‐ray optics
Energy dependence of x‐ray beam size produced by polycapillary x‐ray optics Open
In this work, we studied the x‐ray energy dependence of x‐ray beam diameter focused by polycapillary optics. A quantitative beam diameter–energy relation enables more accurate estimation of the element‐specific interrogation area of a samp…
View article: Adaptive sampling with PIXL on the Mars Perseverance rover
Adaptive sampling with PIXL on the Mars Perseverance rover Open
Planetary rovers can use onboard data analysis to adapt their measurement plan on the fly, improving the science value of data collected between commands from Earth. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive sampling algorithm…
View article: Evaluation of imaging technologies to correct for photon attenuation in the overlying tissue for the in vivo bone strontium measurement
Evaluation of imaging technologies to correct for photon attenuation in the overlying tissue for the in vivo bone strontium measurement Open
The interpretation of measurements of bone strontium in vivo using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is presently hindered by overlying skin and soft-tissue absorption of the strontium x-rays. The use of imaging technologie…
View article: Pre-Flight Calibration of PIXL for X-ray Fluorescence Elemental Quantification
Pre-Flight Calibration of PIXL for X-ray Fluorescence Elemental Quantification Open
The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) is a rasterable focused-beam X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer mounted on the arm of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. To ensur…
View article: Methods and Reference Materials used to Calibrate PIXL, the Mars 2020 In Situ XRF Spectrometer
Methods and Reference Materials used to Calibrate PIXL, the Mars 2020 In Situ XRF Spectrometer Open
The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) is a sub-mm focused-beam, raster scannable, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer mounted on the arm of NASA's Perseverance rover [1].Mars 2020 scientists are utilizing PIXL's in situ anal…
View article: An olivine cumulate outcrop on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars
An olivine cumulate outcrop on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars Open
The geological units on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars, are part of a wider regional stratigraphy of olivine-rich rocks, which extends well beyond the crater. We investigated the petrology of olivine and carbonate-bearing rocks of the Sé…
View article: The focused beam X-ray fluorescence elemental quantification software package PIQUANT
The focused beam X-ray fluorescence elemental quantification software package PIQUANT Open
Adoption of a robust X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy quantification and spectrum fitting routine calls for careful consideration on the inner workings and databases incorporated in its architecture. For analysis of micro-XRF data returned …
View article: The PIXL Instrument on the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover
The PIXL Instrument on the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Open
The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) is a micro-focus X-ray fluorescence spectrometer mounted on the robotic arm of NASA's Perseverance rover. PIXL will acquire high spatial resolution observations of rock and soil chem…
View article: Choice of X‐ray mass attenuation coefficients for PIXE analysis of silicate minerals and rocks
Choice of X‐ray mass attenuation coefficients for PIXE analysis of silicate minerals and rocks Open
The accuracy of each of three mass attenuation coefficient databases was assessed using particle‐induced X‐ray emission measurements performed on well‐characterized, homogeneous silicate glass and mineral standards. In a fundamental parame…