Christopher Willman
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Observing simultaneous low temperature heat release and deflagration in a spark ignition engine using formaldehyde planar laser induced fluorescence Open
Low temperature heat release (LTHR) and its underlying chemistry is of particular interest for its potential to mitigate knock in spark ignition (SI) engines and enable advanced combustion strategies that rely on end gas autoignition. It h…
Simultaneous two-plane flame front detection using PIV based on defocusing Open
This Letter presents a simultaneous two-plane flame front detection method. It is based on a standard single-camera single-plane particle image velocimetry (PIV) system in combination with an inexpensive and compact image splitting device.…
Inexpensive multi-plane particle image velocimetry based on defocusing: Proof of concept on two-component measurement Open
This paper presents a method for simultaneous particle image velocimetry (PIV) on parallel planes offset in depth. The method places images from two planes onto a different half of a camera sensor by using image splitting optics with varia…
View article: Dynamic Mode Decomposition for the Comparison of Engine In-Cylinder Flow Fields from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Simulations
Dynamic Mode Decomposition for the Comparison of Engine In-Cylinder Flow Fields from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Simulations Open
Validation of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation results against experimental data such as flow measurements from particle image velocimetry (PIV) remains a challenge for the development of thermal propulsion systems. This i…
On the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV) data for the validation of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations during the intake process of a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine Open
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the in-cylinder flow field are widely used in the design of internal combustion engines (ICEs) and must be validated against experimental measurements to enable a robust predictive capabili…
View article: Manifold reduction techniques for the comparison of crank angle-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) data and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations in a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine
Manifold reduction techniques for the comparison of crank angle-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) data and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations in a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine Open
In this article, different manifold reduction techniques are implemented for the post-processing of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) images from a Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engine. The methods are proposed to help make a more …
Quantitative metrics for comparison of in-cylinder velocity fields using particle image velocimetry Open
The in-cylinder flow field plays a key role in determining the combustion performance of internal combustion engines (ICEs) and it is critically important to validate numerical simulations of the flow field by comparison to experimental me…
Children, Adolescents, and the Child Labour Debates in Bolivia Open
The debate as to whether children should be involved in work or not is contentious. Bolivia provides a unique context to study such debates. Not only does Bolivia have a high proportion of children who work, but it also has a very politica…
Pressure measurement in combusting and non-combusting gases using laser-induced grating spectroscopy Open
The measurement of pressure using laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy, LITGS, with improved accuracy and precision is reported. Pressure values are derived from the record of the time-profile of LITGS signals by fitting of modelled …
Multipoint temperature measurements in gas flows using 1-D laser-induced grating scattering Open
A technique is reported for simultaneous, time- and space-resolved measurements of temperature using laser-induced thermal grating scattering, LITGS, from four points on a 1-D line. Signals from four separate points on the line, separated …
Laser diagnostics for spatially resolved thermometry in combustion and flows Open
The development of Laser-Induced Thermal Grating Spectroscopy (LITGS) for diagnostics of combusting and non-combusting flows is described. The first use of LITGS to provide in situ calibration of 2-Dimensional temperature distributions gen…