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View article: Towards a unified taxonomy for algorithmic transparency: insights from uncrewed air traffic management
Towards a unified taxonomy for algorithmic transparency: insights from uncrewed air traffic management Open
With the rapid advancement of drone technology, their applications have become increasingly widespread. However, the integration of drones into the airspace also poses risks to crewed aircraft, particularly around airports. To address this…
View article: Gamification in Automated Air Traffic Control: Increasing Vigilance Using Fictional Aircraft
Gamification in Automated Air Traffic Control: Increasing Vigilance Using Fictional Aircraft Open
The introduction of more advanced automation in air traffic control seems inevitable. Air traffic controllers will then take the role of automation supervisors, a role which is generally unsuitable for humans. Gamification, the use of game…
View article: A Conceptual Framework for AI-based Decision Systems in Critical Infrastructures
A Conceptual Framework for AI-based Decision Systems in Critical Infrastructures Open
The interaction between humans and AI in safety-critical systems presents a unique set of challenges that remain partially addressed by existing frameworks. These challenges stem from the complex interplay of requirements for transparency,…
View article: Flight-Based Control Allocation: Towards Human–Autonomy Teaming in Air Traffic Control
Flight-Based Control Allocation: Towards Human–Autonomy Teaming in Air Traffic Control Open
It is widely recognized that airspace capacity must increase over the coming years. It is also commonly accepted that meeting this challenge while balancing concerns around safety, efficiency, and workforce issues will drive greater relian…
View article: Framing Automation and Human Error in the Context of the Skill, Rule and Knowledge Taxonomy
Framing Automation and Human Error in the Context of the Skill, Rule and Knowledge Taxonomy Open
Automation errors may result in human performance issues that are often difficult to grasp. Skraaning and Jamieson (2023) proposed a taxonomy for classifying automation errors into categories based on the visible symptoms of design problem…
View article: Learning for Air Traffic Management: guidelines for future AI systems
Learning for Air Traffic Management: guidelines for future AI systems Open
The SESAR-funded Modern ATM via Human / Automation Learning Optimisation (MAHALO) project recently completed two years of technical work exploring the human performance impacts of AI and Machine Learning (ML), as applied to enroute ATC con…
View article: Towards Human-Automation Teamwork in Shared En-Route Air Traffic Control: Task Analysis
Towards Human-Automation Teamwork in Shared En-Route Air Traffic Control: Task Analysis Open
In the quest for more efficient air traffic management, a common approach is to allocate an increasing amount of functionality to higher levels of automation, with a supervisory role for humans. This potentially leads to forthcoming issues…
View article: Evaluation of a Decision-Based Invocation Strategy for Adaptive Support for Air Traffic Control
Evaluation of a Decision-Based Invocation Strategy for Adaptive Support for Air Traffic Control Open
Air traffic controller workload is a limiting factor in the current air traffic management system. Adaptive support systems have the potential to balance controller workload and gain acceptance as they provide support during times of need.…
View article: Human-automation interaction for helicopter flight: Comparing two decision-support systems for navigation tasks
Human-automation interaction for helicopter flight: Comparing two decision-support systems for navigation tasks Open
This paper investigates the effects of different automation design philosophies for a helicopter navigation task. A baseline navigation display is compared with two more advanced systems: an advisory display, which provides a discrete traj…
View article: Transparent and Personalised AI Support in Air Traffic Control: First Empirical Results
Transparent and Personalised AI Support in Air Traffic Control: First Empirical Results Open
The air traffic management (ATM) community is committed to greater use of automation to accommodate predicted traffic growth. In particular, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is seen as a key enabler of future ATM systems. The ATM community, in…
View article: Situation Awareness Prompts: Bridging the Gap between Supervisory and Manual Air Traffic Control
Situation Awareness Prompts: Bridging the Gap between Supervisory and Manual Air Traffic Control Open
To meet increasing safety and performance demands in air traffic control (ATC), more advanced automated systems will be introduced to assist human air traffic controllers. Some even foresee complete automation, with the human as a supervis…
View article: Human Performance in Solving Multi-UAV Over-Constrained Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems
Human Performance in Solving Multi-UAV Over-Constrained Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems Open
For many logistics applications, such as drone delivery missions, finding an optimized network of routes yields a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Such optimizations are mostly conducted offline prior to actual operations for reasons of comp…
View article: Human-interpretable input for Machine Learning in Tactical Air Traffic Control
Human-interpretable input for Machine Learning in Tactical Air Traffic Control Open
—Increasing airspace demand requires an increase in effectiveness and efficiency of the ATC system. Automation, and specifically Machine Learning (ML), may present good prospects for increasing system performance and decreasing workload of…
View article: Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance
Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance Open
This paper investigates the effect of employing different display design principles for human–machine interaction in helicopters. Two obstacle avoidance support displays are evaluated during low-altitude forward flight. A baseline headup d…
View article: Quantifying automatable checklist items on a commercial flightdeck
Quantifying automatable checklist items on a commercial flightdeck Open
In-flight non-normal events can be rather taxing for a flight crew. Numerous tasks, often competing for attention, need to be handled adequately after which, the best plan of action for the remainder of the flight needs to be determined. I…
View article: Flight Allocation in Shared Human-Automation en-Route Air Traffic Control
Flight Allocation in Shared Human-Automation en-Route Air Traffic Control Open
Allocation is a challenge for higher levels of automation in air traffic control, where flights can be dynamically assigned to either a human or an automated agent. Through an exploratory experiment with six professional air traffic contro…
View article: Balancing transparency and conformance of an AI conflict detection and resolution support system
Balancing transparency and conformance of an AI conflict detection and resolution support system Open
Despite the recent turmoil in aviation, the trend is towards an increase in the amount of aircraft and miles flown. This growth adds additional pressure to an already strained Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Part of the solution to th…
View article: Augmented Visual Feedback: Cure or Distraction?
Augmented Visual Feedback: Cure or Distraction? Open
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of augmented feedback on participants’ workload, performance, and distribution of visual attention. Background An important question in human–machine interface design is whether …
View article: Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance During Forward Flight
Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance During Forward Flight Open
This paper aims to reveal the effect of different display design principles in the helicopter domain. Two different obstacle avoidance support displays are evaluated during low-altitude, forward helicopter flight: a baseline Head-Up Displa…
View article: Supplementing Haptic Feedback Through the Visual Display of Flight Envelope Boundaries
Supplementing Haptic Feedback Through the Visual Display of Flight Envelope Boundaries Open
This paper describes the design and evaluation of a visual display in supplementing haptic feedback on the side stick as a way to communicate flight envelope boundaries to pilots. The design adds indications for the limits in airspeed, loa…
View article: Innovative complexity assessment to support future Capacity Management processes in TBO
Innovative complexity assessment to support future Capacity Management processes in TBO Open
This poster presents research conducted within COTTON project (Grant 783222) funded by the SESAR Joint Undertaking as part of SESAR 2020 Exploratory Research Programme within the framework of the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation p…
View article: Exploring the Potential Benefits of Multi-Aircraft Trajectory Manipulation in Future Air Traffic Control
Exploring the Potential Benefits of Multi-Aircraft Trajectory Manipulation in Future Air Traffic Control Open
Future Air Traffic Management is expected to shift towards four dimensional trajectory (4DT) management, requiring new decision support tools for air traffic controllers to meet stringent time and position constraints. In previous work, a …
View article: Solution-Space-based ATC Support for 4DT Heterogeneous Aircraft-Mix Control
Solution-Space-based ATC Support for 4DT Heterogeneous Aircraft-Mix Control Open
Future Air Traffic Management concepts will require air traffic controllers to move from a tactical to a strategic way of operation. This paper evaluates two novel concepts which support controllers to perform four-dimensional trajectory m…
View article: Touchscreens for Aircraft Navigation Tasks: Comparing Accuracy and Throughput of Three Flight Deck Interfaces Using Fitts’ Law
Touchscreens for Aircraft Navigation Tasks: Comparing Accuracy and Throughput of Three Flight Deck Interfaces Using Fitts’ Law Open
Objective Use Fitts’ law to compare accuracy and throughput of three flight deck interfaces for navigation. Background Industry is proposing touch-based solutions to modernize the flight management system. However, research evaluating touc…
View article: Effect of ATC Automation Transparency on Acceptance of Resolution Advisories
Effect of ATC Automation Transparency on Acceptance of Resolution Advisories Open
Air traffic controller workload is a bottleneck on air traffic growth, warranting automation solutions. This paper discusses the effect of transparency on the acceptance of resolution advisories generated by an adaptive automation tool. Tw…
View article: Solution space concept : Human-machine interface for 4D trajectory management
Solution space concept : Human-machine interface for 4D trajectory management Open
The current evolution of the ATM system, led by the SESAR programme in Europe and the NextGen programme in the US, is foreseen to bring a paradigm shift to the work of the air traffic controller. Rather than the current primarily tactical …
View article: Complementing Haptic Shared Control With Visual Feedback for Obstacle Avoidance
Complementing Haptic Shared Control With Visual Feedback for Obstacle Avoidance Open
For automated vehicles (SAE Level 2-3) part of the challenge lies in communicating to the driver what control actions the automation is taking and will take, and what its capabilities are. A promising approach is haptic shared control (HSC…