Constantine E. Kosmas
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Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Targeting in the Management of Dyslipidemias Open
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, despite advances in pharmacological prevention and treatment. The burden of CVD necessitates implementing the treatment of risk factors including dyslipidem…
Lipid Profile and Management of Dyslipidemias in Pregnancy Open
Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Abnormal maternal lipid profiles in pregnancy are associated with pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and pre-t…
Combination of triglyceride-glucose index and waist-to-height ratio as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a nationwide prospective cohort study Open
In a sample of US adults with prediabetes and diabetes, we found an association between TyG-WHtR index and both all-case and CVD-related mortality. The TyG-WHtR index could serve as an alternative biomarker for the clinical management of p…
Novel RNA-Based Therapies in the Management of Dyslipidemias Open
Pharmaceutical advancements and an improved understanding of pathophysiology have enabled innovative therapies for chronic conditions like dyslipidemia. This condition is marked by abnormalities in lipid homeostasis. Nucleic acid therapeut…
Role of aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovasculardisease in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia(a) Open
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor with elevated Lp(a) levels contributing to a higher incidence of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). However, no Lp(a)-specific interventions are currently avai…
Biomarkers of insulin sensitivity/resistance Open
In recent years, remarkable advancements in elucidating the intricate molecular underpinnings of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have been achieved. Insulin resistance (IR) has been unequivocally acknowledged as the driving pathogenetic mec…
Lipoprotein (a) and cerebrovascular disease Open
The role of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] in cerebrovascular disease is a topic of importance. In this narrative review, pertinent studies have been leveraged to comprehensively examine this relationship from diverse perspectives. Lp(a) shares s…
PCSK9 Targeting in the Management of Hypercholesterolaemia Open
It has long been established that elevated plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are among the prominent contributors leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques and, ultimately, cardiovascular dise…
Novel Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia(a) Open
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, predisposing to major cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease, stroke, aortic valve calcification and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Lp(a) is …
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease Open
Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public health hazards, especially in today’s Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has been established that links IR with CVD. The mediating mechan…
The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Open
Atherosclerosis is an immunoinflammatory pathological procedure in which lipid plaques are formed in the vessel walls, partially or completely occluding the lumen, and is accountable for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ACSV…
Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Inhibitors in the Management of Refractory Hypercholesterolemia Open
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in a global scale and significantly depends on the elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the subsequent formation of atherosclerotic plaques…
New and emerging lipid-modifying drugs to lower LDL cholesterol Open
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide. The role of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and CVD has been well recognized. Statins are the standard of c…
Empagliflozin Induces White Adipocyte Browning and Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics in KK Cg-Ay/J Mice and Mouse Adipocytes Open
Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning is a promising target for obesity prevention and treatment. Empagliflozin has emerged as an agent with weight-loss potential in clinical and in vivo studies, but the mechanisms underlying its…
Safety and Tolerability of PCSK9 Inhibitors: Current Insights Open
The current era of preventive cardiology continues to emphasize on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction to alleviate the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this regard, the pharmacological inhibit…
Inclisiran for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: A Short Review on the Emerging Data and Therapeutic Potential Open
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK-9)-targeting therapy has arisen as a new line for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Inclisiran is a double-stranded small RNA molecule that works by blocking the transcription of PCSK-9, leadin…
Galectin-3 and soluble ST2 as complementary tools to cardiac MRI for sudden cardiac death risk stratification in heart failure: A review Open
Heart failure (HF) is recognized as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Every year about 500,000 new cases of HF are diagnosed in the United States. The predominant etiology of death in HF patients include sudde…
Novel lipid-modifying therapies addressing unmet needs in cardiovascular disease Open
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, it is well established that dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. Statins re…
Lipoprotein(a) and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Open
Calcific aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in the elderly population and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This condition is characterised by gradual fibrosis, thickening, and calcification of the…
Therapeutic management of hyperlipoproteinemia (a) Open
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has consistently been the leading cause of death worldwide. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that an elevated plasma concentration of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a causative and ind…
Role of lipoprotein (a) in peripheral arterial disease Open
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a complex polymorphic lipoprotein synthesized by the liver, which is structurally similar to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Like the LDL molecule, Lp(a) is composed of apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) but differs …
Pharmacologic therapy of obesity: mechanisms of action and cardiometabolic effects Open
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, multifactorial disease, which has become a serious threat to public health globally, as the worldwide prevalence of obesity increases exponentially over time. It has been well established that obesity is as…
Anti-inflammatory therapy for cardiovascular disease Open
Chronic subclinical inflammation is a central process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it has been linked with both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the C…
Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and atherogenesis Open
Vessel Plus is an open acccess journal, which publishes articles related to vascular diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular or pulmonary vascular diseas…
An update on the CardioMEMS pulmonary artery pressure sensor Open
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most important healthcare issues due to its prevalence, high morbidity and mortality, as well as its economic burden. A shift in the healthcare model towards reducing inpatient hospitalizations might have a…
Role of spironolactone in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Open
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently responsible for about half of the patients affected with HF and is associated with impaired fu…
Impact of lipid-lowering therapy on glycemic control and the risk for new-onset diabetes mellitus Open
Lipid-lowering therapy is used very commonly nowadays not only for the optimization of the lipid profile but also to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, some studies have linked the use of certain lipid-lowering agents with an increased r…
Patient adherence, compliance, and perspectives on evolocumab for the management of resistant hypercholesterolemia Open
Evolocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor which is administered subcutaneously, and when added to statin therapy it has been shown to cause a significant incremental LDL-C reduction, leading to a reduction of cardiovascular risk. Evolocumab has a fa…
Primary genetic disorders affecting high density lipoprotein (HDL) Open
There is extensive evidence demonstrating that there is a clear inverse correlation between plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and cardiovascular disease (CVD). On the other hand, there is also extensive evid…
Inclisiran: A New Promising Agent in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia Open
The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a serine protease which binds to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and targets the receptors for lysosomal degradation, offered an additional route through w…