Explanipedia

Perspective Chapter: Eosinophils and Basophils in Lentivirus Disease Open

Cordelia Manickam, Andrew Hudson, R. Keith Reeves · 2025

Lentiviral infections which include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cause chronic immune activation, progressive immune dysfunction and form persistent viral reservoirs despite effective antiretro…

NK cells modulate in vivo control of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppression of lung damage Open

Harikrishnan Balachandran, Kyle Kroll, Karen Terry, Cordelia Manickam, Rhianna Jones , et al. · 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in virus control. However, it has remained largely unclear whether NK cell mobilization in SARS-CoV-2 infections is beneficial or pathologic. To address this deficit, we employed a validated e…

Natural killer-like B cells are a distinct but infrequent innate immune cell subset modulated by SIV infection of rhesus macaques Open

Cordelia Manickam, Amit A. Upadhyay, Griffin Woolley, Kyle Kroll, Karen Terry , et al. · 2024

Natural killer-like B (NKB) cells are unique innate immune cells expressing both natural killer (NK) and B cell receptors. As first responders to infection, they secrete IL-18 to induce a critical cascade of innate and adaptive immune cell…

FcαRI (CD89) is upregulated on subsets of mucosal and circulating NK cells and regulates IgA-class specific signaling and functions Open

Kyle Kroll, Brady Hueber, Harikrishnan Balachandran, Ameera Afifi, Cordelia Manickam , et al. · 2024

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the predominant mucosal antibody class with both anti- and pro-inflammatory roles^1-3. However, the specific role of the IgA receptor cluster of differentiation (CD)89, expressed by a subset of natural k…

Multiplex interrogation of the NK cell signalome reveals global downregulation of CD16 signaling during lentivirus infection through an IL-18/ADAM17-dependent mechanism Open

Sho K. Sugawara, Brady Hueber, Griffin Woolley, Karen Terry, Kyle Kroll , et al. · 2023

Despite their importance, natural killer (NK) cell responses are frequently dysfunctional during human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, even irrespective of antiretroviral therapies, with…

NK cells are critical for in vivo control of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppression of lung damage Open

R. Keith Reeves, H. Balachandran, Kyle Kroll, Karen Terry, Cordelia Manickam , et al. · 2023

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in virus control. However, it has remained largely unclear whether NK cell mobilization in SARS-CoV-2 infections is beneficial or pathologic. To address this deficit, we employed a validated e…

NK cell education: Physiological and pathological influences Open

Philippe Rascle, Griffin Woolley, Stéphanie Jost, Cordelia Manickam, R. Keith Reeves · 2023

Natural killer (NK) cells represent a critical defense against viral infections and cancers. NK cells require integration of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors to detect target cells and the balance of these NK cell inputs defines…

Natural Killer Cells Regulate Acute SIV Replication, Dissemination, and Inflammation, but Do Not Impact Independent Transmission Events Open

Griffin Woolley, Matthew Mosher, Kyle Kroll, Rhianna Jones, Brady Hueber , et al. · 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells as major effector cells of the innate immune system can contribute significantly to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) control. However, a specific role for NK cells in bloc…

A genetically engineered, stem-cell-derived cellular vaccine Open

Amanda Cooper, Adam Sidaway, Abishek Chandrashekar, Elizabeth Latta, Krishnendu Chakraborty , et al. · 2022

Despite rapid clinical translation of COVID-19 vaccines in response to the global pandemic, an opportunity remains for vaccine technology innovation to address current limitations and meet challenges of inevitable future pandemics. We desc…

A Novel CRISPR-Engineered, Stem Cell-Derived Cellular Vaccine Open

Krishnendu Chakraborty, Abishek Chandrashekar, Adam Sidaway, Elizabeth Latta, Jingyou Yu , et al. · 2021

COVID-19 has forced rapid clinical translation of novel vaccine technologies, principally mRNA vaccines, that have resulted in meaningful efficacy and adequate safety in response to the global pandemic. Notwithstanding this success, there …

Probiotic supplementation reduces inflammatory profiles but does not prevent oral immune perturbations during SIV infection Open

Rhianna Jones, Kyle Kroll, Courtney A. Broedlow, Luca Schifanella, Scott Smith , et al. · 2021

Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentiviral infection Open

Rhianna Jones, Cordelia Manickam, Daniel R. Ram, Kyle Kroll, Brady Hueber , et al. · 2021

Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocyte…

Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentivirus infection Open

Rhianna Jones, Cordelia Manickam, Daniel R. Ram, Kyle Kroll, Brady Hueber , et al. · 2021

Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocyte…

Probiotic Supplementation Reduces Inflammatory Profiles But Does Not Prevent Oral Immune Perturbations During SIV Infection Open

Rhianna Jones, Kyle Kroll, Courtney A. Broedlow, Luca Schifanella, Scott Smith , et al. · 2020

HIV/SIV infections lead to massive loss of mucosal CD4+ T cells and breakdown of the epithelial mucosa resulting in severe microbial dysbiosis and chronic immune activation that ultimately drive disease progression. Moreover, disruption of…

TRIGGERED: could refocused cell signaling be key to natural killer cell-based HIV immunotherapeutics? Open

Sho K. Sugawara, Cordelia Manickam, R. Keith Reeves · 2020

Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the critical innate immune effector cells that directly kill tumors and virus-infected cells, and modulate other immune cells including dendritic cells, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Signals from activating …

Friends or foes? The knowns and unknowns of natural killer cell biology in COVID-19 and other coronaviruses in July 2020 Open

Cordelia Manickam, Sho K. Sugawara, R. Keith Reeves · 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 575,000 deaths worldwide as of mid-July 2020 and still continues globally unabated. Immune dysfunction and cytokine storm complicate the disease, which in turn leads to the question of whether sti…

Characterization of Rhesus Macaque Liver-Resident CD49a+ NK Cells During Retrovirus Infections Open

Daniel R. Ram, Christian F. Arias, Kyle Kroll, Brady Hueber, Cordelia Manickam , et al. · 2020

CD49a⁺ tissue resident NK cells have been implicated in memory-like NK cell responses, but while this population is well-characterized in mice and in humans, they are poorly described in non-human primates (NHP) which are partic…

Silent damage? Occult HCV replication and histological disease may occur following apparent HCV clearance Open

Cordelia Manickam, R. Keith Reeves · 2019

Monkeying Around: Using Non-human Primate Models to Study NK Cell Biology in HIV Infections Open

Cordelia Manickam, Spandan V. Shah, Junsuke Nohara, Guido Ferrari, R. Keith Reeves · 2019

Natural killer (NK) cells are the major innate effectors primed to eliminate virus-infected and tumor or neoplastic cells. Recent studies also suggest nuances in phenotypic and functional characteristics among NK cell subsets may further p…

Adaptive NK cell responses in HIV/SIV infections: A roadmap to cell-based therapeutics? Open

Daniel R. Ram, Cordelia Manickam, Olivier Lucar, Spandan V. Shah, R. Keith Reeves · 2019

NK cells play a critical role in antiviral and antitumor responses. Although current NK cell immune therapies have focused primarily on cancer biology, many of these advances can be readily applied to target HIV/simian immunodeficiency vir…

Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Injury in Non-human Primate Models of Viral Infections Open

Cordelia Manickam, Spandan V. Shah, Olivier Lucar, Daniel R. Ram, R. Keith Reeves · 2018

Viral infections trigger robust secretion of interferons and other antiviral cytokines by infected and bystander cells, which in turn can tune the immune response and may lead to viral clearance or immune suppression. However, aberrant or …

CMV Primes Functional Alternative Signaling in Adaptive Δg NK Cells but Is Subverted by Lentivirus Infection in Rhesus Macaques Open

Spandan V. Shah, Cordelia Manickam, Daniel R. Ram, Kyle Kroll, Hannah L. Itell , et al. · 2018

Despite burgeoning evidence demonstrating the adaptive properties of natural killer (NK) cells, mechanistic data explaining these phenomena are lacking. Following antibody sensitization, NK cells lacking the Fc receptor (FcR) signaling cha…

Non-linear multidimensional flow cytometry analyses delineate NK cell phenotypes in normal and HIV-infected chimpanzees Open

Cordelia Manickam, Haiying Li, Spandan V. Shah, Kyle Kroll, R. Keith Reeves · 2018

Natural killer (NK) cells are primary immune effector cells with both innate and potentially adaptive functions against viral infections, but commonly become exhausted or dysfunctional during chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency…

Tracking KLRC2 (NKG2C)+ memory-like NK cells in SIV+ and rhCMV+ rhesus macaques Open

Daniel R. Ram, Cordelia Manickam, Brady Hueber, Hannah L. Itell, Sallie R. Permar , et al. · 2018

Natural killer (NK) cells classically typify the nonspecific effector arm of the innate immune system, but have recently been shown to possess memory-like properties against multiple viral infections, most notably CMV. Expression of the ac…

Progressive lentivirus infection induces natural killer cell receptor-expressing B cells in the gastrointestinal tract Open

Cordelia Manickam, Chiadika Nwanze, Daniel R. Ram, Spandan V. Shah, Scott Smith , et al. · 2018

These results suggest a cell type expressing both natural killer and B-cell features exists in rhesus macaques and humans and are perturbed by HIV/SIV infection. The full functional niche remains unknown, but the unique phenotype and syste…

Exosome markers associated with immune activation and oxidative stress in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy Open

Sukrutha Chettimada, David R. Lorenz, Vikas Misra, Simon T. Dillon, R. Keith Reeves , et al. · 2018

Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections Open

Spandan V. Shah, Cordelia Manickam, Daniel R. Ram, R. Keith Reeves · 2017

Over the past several years, new populations of innate lymphocytes have been described in mice and primates that are critical for mucosal homeostasis, microbial regulation, and immune defense. Generally conserved from mice to humans, innat…

Hepatic immunopathology during occult hepacivirus re-infection Open

Cordelia Manickam, Amanda J. Martinot, Rhianna Jones, Valerie Varner, R. Keith Reeves · 2017

Metabolic Dysregulation in Hepacivirus Infection of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Open

Cordelia Manickam, Lynn M. Wachtman, Amanda J. Martinot, Luis D. Giavedoni, R. Keith Reeves · 2017

Chronic hepatitis C has been associated with metabolic syndrome that includes insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and obesity. These metabolic aberrations are risk factors for disease severity and treatment outcome in infected patients. …

A mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection: are we there yet? Open

Cordelia Manickam, R. Keith Reeves · 2017

Collectively, viral hepatitis remains a global epidemic causing an estimated 1.4 million deaths per year, of which hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause (1). Despite the availability of new antivirals that are capable of effective c…

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