Tropospheric delay is a key metric in weather monitoring and represents one of the primary error sources in precise positioning. Advances in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and numerical weather models (NWM) present significant potential for enhancing the resolution and accuracy of tropospheric delay models. In this study, a high-resolution (5 km) zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) model, named the data assimilation model of ZTD (DAM), is developed by assimilating GNSS ZTDs into the fifth-generation of Euro…

Introduction: As a successor to Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), HY-2B is China’s second marine dynamic satellite. Equipped with a scanning microwave radiometer (SMR), it can measure the precipitable water vapor (PWV) over the oceans, providing valuable climate and weather insights. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of HY-2B SMR PWV data from January 2019 to December 2021 using various validation methods. Methods: to validate HY-2B SMR PWV, fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) rean…

The dataset includes the proposed RWPN model (Cal_rwpn_new.m) and related files. The model is built based on ERA5 ZWD products from 2010 to 2019, which can be accessed at (ftp://ftp.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/home/GNSS/products/gfz-vmf1/). The proposed GRM model can contribute greatly by providing an efficient RWPN value to real-time GNSS ZTD estimation with an accuracy improvement of over 10% compared to fixed RWPN results. In addition, GRM also shows the superiorities of saving computation cost significantly since a lar…

<p>Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a key parameter of the global climate system and the hydrologic cycle. Accurately sensing PWV is of significant importance to understanding the process of global climate change and the hydrologic cycle as well as improving severe weather forecasting. Currently, PWV can be measured and retrieved with various techniques of different accuracies as well as spatial and temporal resolutions, while PWV products still show diverse limitations. In this study, we aim to ach…

The dataset includes the proposed RWPN model (Cal_rwpn_new.m) and related files. The model is built based on ERA5 ZWD products from 2010 to 2019, which can be accessed at (ftp://ftp.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/home/GNSS/products/gfz-vmf1/). The proposed GRM model can contribute greatly by providing an efficient RWPN value to real-time GNSS ZTD estimation with an accuracy improvement of over 10% compared to fixed RWPN results. In addition, GRM also shows the superiorities of saving computation cost significantly since a lar…