Explanipedia

Interactive effects of blood–brain barrier breakdown and Alzheimer's disease biomarker status on cognitive decline in older adults without dementia Open

Lauren Edwards, Amanda Gonzalez, Kelsey R. Thomas, Denis Smirnov, Einat K. Brenner , et al. · 2025

INTRODUCTION Some research suggests that blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Few studies have examined markers of BBB integrity and their interactions with AD risk factors on multi‐domain cognition. …

Age differences in spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity at rest Open

Allison Engstrom, Shubir Dutt, John Paul M. Alitin, Arunima Kapoor, Trevor Lohman , et al. · 2025

Deficits in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) may indicate vulnerability to vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Prior findings on age-related change in CVR are mixed, and no studies to date have inve…

Automatic detection of arterial input function for brain DCE‐MRI in multi‐site cohorts Open

Lucas Saca, Raghav Gaggar, Ioannis Pappas, Tammie L.S. Benzinger, Eric M. Reiman , et al. · 2025

Purpose Arterial input function (AIF) extraction is a crucial step in quantitative pharmacokinetic modeling of DCE‐MRI. This work proposes a robust deep learning model that can precisely extract an AIF from DCE‐MRI images. Methods A divers…

Cerebral hypoperfusion, brain structural integrity, and cognitive impairment in older APOE4 carriers Open

Ioannis Pappas, Trevor Lohman, Shubir Dutt, Arunima Kapoor, Allison Engstrom , et al. · 2025

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits, cognitive decline, and brain structural changes have been reported in older adults with and without apolipoprotein E-e4 ( APOE4 )-related risk for dementia. However, it remains unclear whether brain stru…

Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor a is associated with disruption of default network connectivity in older adults Open

Arunima Kapoor, Jung Yun Jang, Allison Engstrom, Trevor Lohman, Shubir Dutt , et al. · 2025

Endothelial progenitor cells and cerebral small vessel disease in APOE4 carriers Open

Arunima Kapoor, Shubir Dutt, Amy Nguyen, Trevor Lohman, Aimée Gaubert , et al. · 2025

Elevated plasma neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with impaired cerebrovascular reactivity in older adults Open

Arunima Kapoor, Shubir Dutt, Amy Nguyen, Aimée Gaubert, John Paul M. Alitin , et al. · 2024

Background Plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are markers of axonal and astroglial injury, respectively. Both markers have been proposed as predictive biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease, wi…

Central Autonomic Dysfunction and Plasma Ab42/40 Open

Trevor Lohman, Arunima Kapoor, Allison C Engstrom, Fatemah Shenasa, Amy Nguyen , et al. · 2024

Background Higher order regulation of autonomic function is maintained by cortical and subcortical interconnected regions within the brain, collectively referred to as the central autonomic network (CAN) (Benarroch, 1993). Despite the well…

Racial differences in blood pressure variability in the SPRINT trial Open

Isabel J. Sible, Daniel A. Nation · 2024

Background Blood pressure (BP) management is an accessible therapeutic target for dementia prevention. BP variability (BPV) is a newer aspect of BP control recently associated with cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), …

Higher Cerebrovascular Reactivity Predicts Better Memory Function in Older Adults Without Dementia Open

Arunima Kapoor, Allison C Engstrom, Shubir Dutt, Aimée Gaubert, John Paul M. Alitin , et al. · 2024

Background Optimal cerebral blood flow is crucial to maintaining cognitive function. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is a dynamic measure of cerebrovascular function which represents the ability of cerebral blood vessels to regulate blood…

Sex Differences in Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Hypercapnia in Older Adults Open

Allison C Engstrom, Arunima Kapoor, Shubir Dutt, John Paul M. Alitin, Aimée Gaubert , et al. · 2024

Background Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is a marker of cerebrovascular function defined by blood flow changes in response to vasoactive stimuli, which may represent a valuable indicator of risk for vascular brain injury and cognitive d…

Plasma biomarkers of vascular injury and cerebrovascular reactivity in APOE4 carriers Open

Arunima Kapoor, Shubir Dutt, Amy Nguyen, Aimée Gaubert, John Paul M. Alitin , et al. · 2024

Background APOE4 carriers exhibit cerebrovascular dysfunction which may contribute to the development of cognitive decline and dementia; however, the mechanisms underlying this pathophysiology remain unknown. Impaired cerebrovascular react…

Spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity at rest in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment and memory deficits Open

Allison Engstrom, John Paul M. Alitin, Arunima Kapoor, Shubir Dutt, Trevor Lohman , et al. · 2024

INTRODUCTION Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), suggesting CVR is a biomarker for vascular contributions to MCI. This study examined if spontaneous CVR is associated with…

Cerebral perfusion and amyloidosis in the oldest‐old Open

Shubir Dutt, Davis C. Woodworth, S. Ahmad Sajjadi, Dana Greenia, Charles DeCarli , et al. · 2024

INTRODUCTION In a nested case–control study, we examined how cerebral perfusion relates to cognitive status and amyloid in the oldest‐old (i.e., 90 years of age and older). METHODS Study participants included 113 dementia‐free older adults…

Reliability of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in older adults Open

Trevor Lohman, Isabel J. Sible, Fatemah Shenasa, Allison C Engstrom, Arunima Kapoor , et al. · 2024

Beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, hippocampal atrophy, and memory impairment in older adults Open

Trevor Lohman, Isabel J. Sible, Allison C Engstrom, Arunima Kapoor, Fatemah Shenasa , et al. · 2024

Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) predicts age-related hippocampal atrophy, neurodegeneration, and memory decline in older adults. Beat-to-beat BPV may represent a more reliable and efficient tool for prospective risk assessm…

Older Adults With Smaller and Less Complex Social Networks Show Deficits in Medial Temporal Cerebrovascular Reactivity Open

Evelyn Chang, Arunima Kapoor, Trevor Lohman, Shubir Dutt, John Paul M. Alitin , et al. · 2024

ocial isolation is associated with increased risk for stroke and cognitive decline. 1 Although existing research has proposed neuroimmune system dysregulation as a possible underlying mechanism, 1 few studies have investigated cerebrovascu…

Spontaneous cerebrovascular reactivity at rest in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment and memory deficits Open

Allison C Engstrom, John Paul M. Alitin, Arunima Kapoor, Shubir Dutt, Trevor Lohman , et al. · 2024

Background Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), suggesting CVR is a biomarker for vascular contributions to MCI. This study examined if spontaneous CVR is associated with M…

Central autonomic network dysfunction and plasma Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in older adults Open

Trevor Lohman, Arunima Kapoor, Allison C Engstrom, Fatemah Shenasa, John Paul M. Alitin , et al. · 2024

The interactive effect of intra-beat and inter-beat blood pressure variability on neurodegeneration in older adults Open

Trevor Lohman, Fatemah Shenasa, Isabel J. Sible, Arunima Kapoor, Allison C Engstrom , et al. · 2024

Blood pressure variability (BPV) and arterial stiffness are age-related hemodynamic risk factors for neurodegenerative disease, but it remains unclear whether they exert independent or interactive effects on brain health. When combined wit…

Blood Pressure Variability, Central Autonomic Network Dysfunction, and Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease in APOE4 Carriers Open

Trevor Lohman, Isabel J. Sible, Arunima Kapoor, Allison C Engstrom, Fatemah Shenasa , et al. · 2024

Reliability of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in older adults Open

Trevor Lohman, Isabel J. Sible, Fatemah Shenasa, Allison C Engstrom, Arunima Kapoor , et al. · 2024

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is emerging as an important risk factor across numerous disease states, including cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disease in older adults. However, there is no current consensus regarding specific use…

Robust reference group normative data for neuropsychological tests accounting for primary language use in Asian American older adults Open

Arunima Kapoor, Jean K. Ho, Jung Yun Jang, Daniel A. Nation · 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to develop neuropsychological norms for older Asian Americans with English as a primary or secondary language, using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). Method: A normative samp…

Short-term blood pressure variability and brain functional network connectivity in older adults Open

Isabel J. Sible, Jung Yun Jang, Anna E. Blanken, John Paul M. Alitin, Allie Engstrom , et al. · 2024

Older adults with elevated short-term blood pressure variability exhibit lower resting state functional connectivity in the default network. Findings support the role of blood pressure variability in neurovascular dysfunction and Alzheimer…

24-Hour Blood Pressure Variability Via Ambulatory Monitoring and Risk for Probable Dementia in the SPRINT Trial Open

Isabel J. Sible, Daniel A. Nation · 2024

Higher systolic 24-hour and daytime blood pressure variability via ambulatory monitoring is associated with risk for dementia under standard blood pressure treatment. Findings support prior evidence that blood pressure variability remains …

Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia Disrupt Fronto-Parietal Network Connectivity in Older Adults Open

Arunima Kapoor, Jung Yun Jang, Shubir Dutt, John Paul M. Alitin, Isabel J. Sible , et al. · 2024

Introduction: Perivascular spaces (PVS) support clearance of metabolic waste and interstitial fluid from the brain. Enlarged PVS in the basal ganglia (BG-PVS) are a feature of small vessel disease and associated with increased risk of cogn…

Pulse pressure and APOE ε4 dose interact to affect cerebral blood flow in older adults without dementia Open

Lauren Edwards, Kelsey R. Thomas, Alexandra J. Weigand, Emily C. Edmonds, Alexandra L. Clark , et al. · 2024

This study assessed whether the effect of vascular risk on cerebral blood flow (CBF) varies by gene dose of apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 alleles. 144 older adults without dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative underwent …

Blood pressure variability, central autonomic network dysfunction and cerebral small vessel disease in APOE4 carriers Open

Trevor Lohman, Isabel J. Sible, Arunima Kapoor, Allison C Engstrom, John Paul M. Alitin , et al. · 2023

Background Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) is a risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and neurodegeneration, independent of age and average blood pressure, particularly in apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4 ) carriers. How…

Emotional Enhancement of Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review Open

Arunima Kapoor, Linda J. Levine, Mara Mather, Daniel A. Nation · 2023

Background Progressive decline in episodic memory is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emotional arousal is known to enhance memory. The amygdala, locus coeruleus, hippocampus, and other regions, are key brain structures involved in …

Cerebral perfusion and amyloidosis in the oldest‐old Open

Shubir Dutt, Davis C. Woodworth, S. Ahmad Sajjadi, Claudia H. Kawas, María M. Corrada , et al. · 2023

Background Cerebrovascular contributions to cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk represent a growing field in aging research. Studies in the young‐old have demonstrated the critical role of vascular dysregulation (i.e., altere…

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