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View article: To MILP or not to MILP? On AI techniques for the design and optimization of real-time systems
To MILP or not to MILP? On AI techniques for the design and optimization of real-time systems Open
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly relevant in many contexts. In embedded real-time systems, most of the previous research has focused on real-time guarantees for AI workloads (RT-for-AI). Instead, this position paper di…
View article: Response-Time Analysis of Bundled Gang Tasks Under Partitioned FP Scheduling
Response-Time Analysis of Bundled Gang Tasks Under Partitioned FP Scheduling Open
The study of parallel task models for real-time systems has become fundamental due to the increasing computational demand of modern applications. Recently, gang scheduling has gained attention for improving performance in tightly synchroni…
View article: The MATERIAL framework: Modeling and AuTomatic code Generation of Edge Real-TIme AppLications under the QNX RTOS
The MATERIAL framework: Modeling and AuTomatic code Generation of Edge Real-TIme AppLications under the QNX RTOS Open
Modern edge real-time automotive applications are becoming more complex, dynamic, and distributed, moving away from conventional static operating environments to support advanced driving assistance and autonomous driving functionalities. T…
View article: Period Estimation for Linux-based Edge Computing Virtualization with Strong Temporal Isolation
Period Estimation for Linux-based Edge Computing Virtualization with Strong Temporal Isolation Open
Virtualization of edge nodes is paramount to avoid their under-exploitation, allowing applications from different tenants to share the underlying computing platform. Neverthe-less, enabling different applications to share the same hardware…
View article: Introduction to the Special Issue on Real-Time Computing in the IoT-to-Edge-to-Cloud Continuum
Introduction to the Special Issue on Real-Time Computing in the IoT-to-Edge-to-Cloud Continuum Open
Special Issue Part 1 (Issue 3) and Part 2 (Issue 4) of AIEDAM are based on a workshop on Learning and Creativity held at the 2002 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design, AID '02 (www.cad.strath.ac.uk/AID02_workshop/Workshop_webpag…
View article: On the QNX IPC: Assessing Predictability for Local and Distributed Real-Time Systems
On the QNX IPC: Assessing Predictability for Local and Distributed Real-Time Systems Open
With the advent of massively distributed applications such as those required by the IoT-to-Edge-to-Cloud compute continuum (i.e., automotive, smart agriculture, smart manufacturing, and more), real-time communication mechanisms allowing ph…
View article: Maximizing the Security Level of Real-Time Software While Preserving Temporal Constraints
Maximizing the Security Level of Real-Time Software While Preserving Temporal Constraints Open
Embedded computing systems are becoming increasingly relevant in the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing domains, where they are often employed as the control entity of a cyber-physical system. When operating in such interconnected…
View article: Analyzing Arm's MPAM From the Perspective of Time Predictability
Analyzing Arm's MPAM From the Perspective of Time Predictability Open
With heterogeneous multi-core platforms being crucial to execute the highly demanding workloads of modern applications, memory-access predictability remains a key issue for the system's safety. Many solutions have been proposed over the ye…
View article: An I/O Virtualization Framework With I/O-Related Memory Contention Control for Real-Time Systems
An I/O Virtualization Framework With I/O-Related Memory Contention Control for Real-Time Systems Open
Modern applications are often characterized by a tight interaction with I/O devices. At the same time, many application domains are also facing a shift toward an integrated approach where multiple applications with mixed levels of safety a…
View article: Placement of Chains of Real-Time Tasks on Heterogeneous Platforms under EDF Scheduling
Placement of Chains of Real-Time Tasks on Heterogeneous Platforms under EDF Scheduling Open
When designing a real-time system, application architects are called to settle many non-trivial decisions that may severely influence the system's performance. With modern hardware platforms always being more and more complex and equipped …
View article: Optimizing Inter-Core Communications Under the LET Paradigm using DMA Engines
Optimizing Inter-Core Communications Under the LET Paradigm using DMA Engines Open
Modern automotive applications are increasingly characterized by the need to transfer massive amounts of data in a predictable and deterministic way, possibly leveraging the Logical Execution Time (LET) paradigm. However, current proposals…
View article: Operating System Noise in the Linux Kernel
Operating System Noise in the Linux Kernel Open
As modern network infrastructure moves from hardware-based to software-based using Network Function Virtualization, a new set of requirements is raised for operating system developers. By using the real-time kernel options and advanced CPU…
View article: Profiling and controlling I/O‐related memory contention in COTS heterogeneous platforms
Profiling and controlling I/O‐related memory contention in COTS heterogeneous platforms Open
Motivated by the increasing number of embedded applications that make use of traffic‐intensive I/O devices, this work studies the memory contention generated by I/O devices and investigates on the regulation of the bus traffic they generat…
View article: SPHERE: A Multi-SoC Architecture for Next-Generation Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Heterogeneous Platforms
SPHERE: A Multi-SoC Architecture for Next-Generation Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Heterogeneous Platforms Open
This paper presents SPHERE, a project aimed at the realization of an integrated framework to abstract the hardware complexity of interconnected, modern system-on-chips (SoC) and simplify the management of their heterogeneous computational …
View article: Task Splitting and Load Balancing of Dynamic Real-Time Workloads for Semi-Partitioned EDF
Task Splitting and Load Balancing of Dynamic Real-Time Workloads for Semi-Partitioned EDF Open
Many real-time software systems, such as those commonly found in the context of multimedia, cloud computing, robotics, and real-time databases, are characterized by a dynamic workload, where applications can join and leave the system at ru…
View article: Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency (Artifact)
Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency (Artifact) Open
The "Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency" paper defines a safe bound for the real-time Linux scheduling latency. It also presents a tool kit that enables the measurements and analysis of the variables that compose the bond.…
View article: Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency
Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency Open
Linux has become a viable operating system for many real-time workloads. However, the black-box approach adopted by cyclictest, the tool used to evaluate the main real-time metric of the kernel, the scheduling latency, along with the absen…
View article: Response-Time Analysis of ROS 2 Processing Chains Under Reservation-Based Scheduling
Response-Time Analysis of ROS 2 Processing Chains Under Reservation-Based Scheduling Open
Bounding the end-to-end latency of processing chains in distributed real-time systems is a well-studied problem, relevant in multiple industrial fields, such as automotive systems and robotics. Nonetheless, to date, only little attention h…
View article: Constant bandwidth servers with constrained deadlines
Constant bandwidth servers with constrained deadlines Open
The Hard Constant Bandwidth Server (H-CBS) is a reservation-based scheduling algorithm often used to mix hard and soft real-time tasks on the same system. A number of variants of the H-CBS algorithm have been proposed in the last years, bu…
View article: Semi-Partitioned Scheduling of Dynamic Real-Time Workload: A Practical Approach Based on Analysis-Driven Load Balancing
Semi-Partitioned Scheduling of Dynamic Real-Time Workload: A Practical Approach Based on Analysis-Driven Load Balancing Open
Recent work showed that semi-partitioned scheduling can achieve near-optimal schedulability performance, is simpler to implement compared to global scheduling, and less heavier in terms of runtime overhead, thus resulting in an excellent c…