<title>Abstract</title> Laypeople often struggle to understand the provisional nature of scientific knowledge. While scientific knowledge may be widely accepted within the scientific community, it is continually subject to revision and further development as new studies are published. These characteristics of science, where findings build upon each other over time rather than being entirely replaced by new discoveries, are not always well understood by the public. This becomes particularly problematic when researc…

<title>Abstract</title> This research examined how the formatting of scientific practices and the representation of a scientist’s thought processes influence secondary school student’s perceptions of the scientist’s credibility, the research’s credibility, and the perceived tentativeness of findings. Scientific practices were presented either as <italic>cookbook style</italic> (research without rationale) or with <italic>styles of scientific reasoning</italic> (explaining <italic>why</italic> each step was taken).…

Artificial light at night poses a serious threat to wildlife, particularly to nocturnal species. Bats that roost in urban areas during the day but forage in surrounding natural habitats at night face the dilemma of commuting through artificially lit environments on their way to dark foraging grounds. Such illumination may force bats to take energetically costly detours, threatening colonies by disconnecting them from areas of high prey density. Here, we studied commuting greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis), a…

Understanding scientific practices is fundamental to our modern society and to science education. Concepts such as Scientific Reasoning (SR) and Nature of Science (NOS) are important to operationalize different aspects of these practices. Educational policy organizations and international standards emphasize the importance of insights into the activities and thought processes of scientists to improve science learning. As the implementation of these requirements in the classroom is a challenging goal, videos are ef…

<title>Abstract</title> High altitude flying bats may contribute to the reduction of dispersing pest insects, yet we are lacking detailed studies on their vertical foraging behavior. Here, we examined the three-dimensional foraging behavior of 18-g wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bats using miniaturized Global Positioning System loggers during the peak emergence of planthoppers, a major pest for rice. We predicted bats to spend most foraging time at high altitudes, i.e., &gt; 110 m above ground, and to use relatively l…