David Atkinson
YOU?
Author Swipe
Cerebral blood flow in a tri-ethnic population: insights from pCASL perfusion MRI Open
Objectives Arterial transit artefacts (ATAs) on pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL) MRI represent visual markers of delayed arterial transit. This study aimed to investigate their prevalence and distribution and to evaluate t…
Length of the Adult Human Colon in Health and Constipation Measured Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open
Background Quantitative data on colon length in adult chronic constipation (CC) are lacking. This study aimed to measure the length of the colon in CC, in the undisturbed state and after an osmotic laxative challenge, using magnetic resona…
View article: Evaluating LLM Safety Across Child Development Stages: A Simulated Agent Approach
Evaluating LLM Safety Across Child Development Stages: A Simulated Agent Approach Open
Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming part of tools used by children; however, existing benchmarks fail to capture how these models manage language, reasoning, and safety needs that are specific to various ages. We present Chil…
View article: Safe-Child-LLM: A Developmental Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Safety in Child-LLM Interactions
Safe-Child-LLM: A Developmental Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Safety in Child-LLM Interactions Open
As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly power applications used by children and adolescents, ensuring safe and age-appropriate interactions has become an urgent ethical imperative. Despite progress in AI safety, current evaluations pr…
View article: LLM Ethics Benchmark: A Three-Dimensional Assessment System for Evaluating Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models
LLM Ethics Benchmark: A Three-Dimensional Assessment System for Evaluating Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models Open
This study establishes a novel framework for systematically evaluating the moral reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as they increasingly integrate into critical societal domains. Current assessment methodologies lack th…
Unfair Learning: GenAI Exceptionalism and Copyright Law Open
This paper challenges the argument that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is entitled to broad immunity from copyright law for reproducing copyrighted works without authorization due to a fair use defense. It examines fair use leg…
Putting GenAI on Notice: GenAI Exceptionalism and Contract Law Open
Gathering enough data to create sufficiently useful training datasets for generative artificial intelligence requires scraping most public websites. The scraping is conducted using pieces of code (scraping bots) that make copies of website…
View article: LLMs and Childhood Safety: Identifying Risks and Proposing a Protection Framework for Safe Child-LLM Interaction
LLMs and Childhood Safety: Identifying Risks and Proposing a Protection Framework for Safe Child-LLM Interaction Open
This study examines the growing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in child-centered applications, highlighting safety and ethical concerns such as bias, harmful content, and cultural insensitivity. Despite their potential to enhance lear…
Beyond Berkson: Further Light on the Selection Bias Open
The Berkson effect shows that two independent diseases, A and B, become negatively correlated if they are confined within the walls of a hospital. We explain that, simply by adding a third disease, C, the negative correlation may flip into…
View article: AGGA: A Dataset of Academic Guidelines for Generative AI and Large Language Models
AGGA: A Dataset of Academic Guidelines for Generative AI and Large Language Models Open
This study introduces AGGA, a dataset comprising 80 academic guidelines for the use of Generative AIs (GAIs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in academic settings, meticulously collected from official university websites. The dataset conta…
View article: IGGA: A Dataset of Industrial Guidelines and Policy Statements for Generative AIs
IGGA: A Dataset of Industrial Guidelines and Policy Statements for Generative AIs Open
This paper introduces IGGA, a dataset of 160 industry guidelines and policy statements for the use of Generative AIs (GAIs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in industry and workplace settings, collected from official company websites, and …
View article: Generative AI and LLMs in Industry: A text-mining Analysis and Critical Evaluation of Guidelines and Policy Statements Across Fourteen Industrial Sectors
Generative AI and LLMs in Industry: A text-mining Analysis and Critical Evaluation of Guidelines and Policy Statements Across Fourteen Industrial Sectors Open
The rise of Generative AI (GAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed industrial landscapes, offering unprecedented opportunities for efficiency and innovation while raising critical ethical, regulatory, and operational challeng…
View article: 2 OLMo 2 Furious
2 OLMo 2 Furious Open
We present OLMo 2, the next generation of our fully open language models. OLMo 2 includes a family of dense autoregressive language models at 7B, 13B and 32B scales with fully released artifacts -- model weights, full training data, traini…
View article: Validation of in vivo VERDICT fIC against matched histology from whole-mount prostatectomy
Validation of in vivo VERDICT fIC against matched histology from whole-mount prostatectomy Open
Motivation: Intracellular volume fraction (fIC) maps from VERDICT-MRI have shown potential to improve prostate cancer (PCa) stratification, but the microstructural origin of the signal has not yet been investigated in in vivo settings. Goa…
View article: Combined MRI, high-resolution manometry and a randomised trial of bisacodyl versus hyoscine show the significance of an enlarged colon in constipation: the RECLAIM study
Combined MRI, high-resolution manometry and a randomised trial of bisacodyl versus hyoscine show the significance of an enlarged colon in constipation: the RECLAIM study Open
Background Colonic motility in constipation can be assessed non-invasively using MRI. Objective To compare MRI with high-resolution colonic manometry (HRCM) for predicting treatment response. Design Part 1: 44 healthy volunteers (HVs), 43 …
View article: Chemical shift–encoded multishot <scp>EPI</scp> for navigator‐free prostate DWI
Chemical shift–encoded multishot <span>EPI</span> for navigator‐free prostate DWI Open
Purpose DWI is an important contrast for prostate MRI to enable early and accurate detection of cancer. This study introduces a Dixon 3‐shot‐EPI protocol with structured low‐rank reconstruction for navigator‐free DWI. The aim is to overcom…
A Mission to Uranus Requires a Community-Building Effort on Earth Open
Planning the first mission to Uranus since the 1980s offers an opportunity to build a diverse, interdisciplinary team that spans generations.
View article: High-Resolution MRA Cerebrovascular Findings in a Tri-Ethnic Population
High-Resolution MRA Cerebrovascular Findings in a Tri-Ethnic Population Open
Intracranial arterial stenoses were independently associated with ethnicity after adjusting for vascular risk factors, having the highest prevalence among South Asians. The prevalence of aneurysms was higher than that in previous populatio…
Unsettled Law: Time to Generate New Approaches? Open
We identify several important and unsettled legal questions with profound ethical and societal implications arising from generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), focusing on its distinguishable characteristics from traditional software …
View article: ssVERDICT: Self‐supervised VERDICT‐MRI for enhanced prostate tumor characterization
ssVERDICT: Self‐supervised VERDICT‐MRI for enhanced prostate tumor characterization Open
Purpose Demonstrating and assessing self‐supervised machine‐learning fitting of the VERDICT (vascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumors) model for prostate cancer. Methods We derive a self‐supervised neural ne…
Rivaroxaban for stroke patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (RISAPS): protocol for a randomized controlled, phase IIb proof-of-principle trial Open
Should RISAPS demonstrate noninferior efficacy and safety of high-dose rivaroxaban in this APS subgroup, it could justify larger prospective randomized controlled trials.
View article: The global landscape of academic guidelines for generative AI and Large Language Models
The global landscape of academic guidelines for generative AI and Large Language Models Open
The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in academia has spurred a global discourse on their potential pedagogical benefits and ethical considerations. Positive reactions highlight some p…
A Legal Risk Taxonomy for Generative Artificial Intelligence Open
For the first time, this paper presents a taxonomy of legal risks associated with generative AI (GenAI) by breaking down complex legal concepts to provide a common understanding of potential legal challenges for developing and deploying Ge…
Locating and Editing Factual Associations in Mamba Open
We investigate the mechanisms of factual recall in the Mamba state space model. Our work is inspired by previous findings in autoregressive transformer language models suggesting that their knowledge recall is localized to particular modul…
View article: Algorithmic progress in language models
Algorithmic progress in language models Open
We investigate the rate at which algorithms for pre-training language models have improved since the advent of deep learning. Using a dataset of over 200 language model evaluations on Wikitext and Penn Treebank spanning 2012-2023, we find …
View article: Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment
Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment Open
On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain Gtarget of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding “scientific breakeven” (or Gtarget>1) where 2.05…