David R. Boone
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Butyrate- and propionate-degrading syntrophs from permanently cold marine sediments in Skan Bay, Alaska, and description of<i>Algorimarina butyrica</i>gen. nov., sp. nov. Open
Two anaerobic, psychrotolerant, syntrophic strains were enriched from permanently cold, shallow anoxic marine sediments in Skan Bay, Alaska. One strain, AK-B(T), oxidized butyrate syntrophically and was isolated in defined coculture with a…
Cultivation of methanogens from shallow marine sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon Open
Little is known about the methanogenic degradation of acetate, the fate of molecular hydrogen and formate or the ability of methanogens to grow and produce methane in cold, anoxic marine sediments. The microbes that produce methane were ex…
Isolation of a Methanogen from Deep Marine Sediments That Contain Methane Hydrates, and Description of <i>Methanoculleus submarinus</i> sp. nov Open
We isolated a methanogen from deep in the sediments of the Nankai Trough off the eastern coast of Japan. At the sampling site, the water was 950 m deep and the sediment core was collected at 247 m below the sediment surface. The isolated m…
Pathway of Propionate Oxidation by a Syntrophic Culture of <i>Smithella propionica</i> and <i>Methanospirillum hungatei</i> Open
The pathway of propionate conversion in a syntrophic coculture of Smithella propionica and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 was investigated by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Cocultures produced acetate and butyrate from propionate. [3- 13 C]propiona…
Phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the subsurface microbial culture collection Open
The Subsurface Microbial Culture Collection (SMCC) was established by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) and contains nearly 10,000 strains of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) isolated from terrestrial subsurface environments. Selected groups …
Dynamics of coupled contaminant and microbial transport in heterogeneous porous media. 1997 annual progress report Open
'Dynamic microbial attachment/detachment occurs in subsurface systems in response to changing environmental conditions caused by contaminant movement and degradation. Understanding the environmental conditions and mechanisms by which anaer…
Influence of pH on Ammonia Accumulation and Toxicity in Halophilic, Methylotrophic Methanogens Open
We studied the effects of pH and ammonia concentration on the growth of three methanogens. These three halophilic, methylotrophic methanogens, Methanolobus bombayensis, Methanolobus taylorii, and Methanohalophilus zhilinaeae, grew at envir…
The anaerobic digestion process Open
The microbial process of converting organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide is so complex that anaerobic digesters have long been treated as {open_quotes}black boxes.{close_quotes} Research into this process during the past few deca…
Potassium extrusion by the moderately halophilic and alkaliphilic methanogen methanolobus taylorii GS-16 and homeostasis of cytosolic pH Open
Methanolobus taylorii GS-16, a moderately halophilic and alkaliphilic methanogen, grows over a wide pH range, from 6.8 to 9.0. Cells suspended in medium with a pH above 8.2 reversed their transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH), making their …
Nitrogen limitation and nitrogen fixation during alkane biodegradation in a sandy soil Open
We investigated nutrient limitations during hydrocarbon degradation in a sandy soil and found that fixed nitrogen was initially a limiting nutrient but that N limitation could sometimes be overcome by N2 fixation. Hydrocarbon biodegradatio…
Isolation and characterization of disaggregatase from Methanosarcina mazei LYC Open
At certain stages in its growth cycle, Methanosarcina mazei produces an enzyme (disaggregatase) that causes aggregates to separate into single cells. M. mazei S-6 and LYC both produce this enzymatic activity, although the specificities of …
Occurrence of beta-glutamate, a novel osmolyte, in marine methanogenic bacteria Open
The unusual compound beta-aminoglutaric acid (beta-glutamate) has been identified by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in soluble extracts of marine methanogenic bacteria. We examined several methanogen species representing nine …
Detection of the osmoregulator betaine in methanogens Open
Trimethyl glycine (glycine betaine) was detected by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at high intracellular concentrations in several methanogens (Methanogenium cariaci, "Methanogenium anulus" AN9, Methanohalophilus zhilinae, Met…
Diffusion of the Interspecies Electron Carriers H <sub>2</sub> and Formate in Methanogenic Ecosystems and Its Implications in the Measurement of <i>K</i> <sub> <i>m</i> </sub> for H <sub>2</sub> or Formate Uptake Open
We calculated the potential H 2 and formate diffusion between microbes and found that at H 2 concentrations commonly found in nature, H 2 could not diffuse rapidly enough to dispersed methanogenic cells to account for the rate of methane s…
Description of an Estuarine Methylotrophic Methanogen Which Grows on Dimethyl Sulfide Open
Characteristics of an obligately methylotrophic coccoid methanogen (strain GS-16) previously isolated from estuarine sediment are described. Growth was demonstrated on dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or trimethylamine (TMA), but not on methane thio…
Control of the Life Cycle of <i>Methanosarcina mazei</i> S-6 by Manipulation of Growth Conditions Open
The morphology of Methanosarcina mazei was controlled by magnesium, calcium, and substrate concentrations and by inoculum size; these factors allowed manipulation of the morphology and interconversions between pseudosarcinal aggregates and…
Effects of pH, Temperature, and Nutrients on Propionate Degradation by a Methanogenic Enrichment Culture Open
Enrichment cultures were used to determine the conditions promoting fastest methanogenic propionate degradation and growth by adapting the cultures to various physical and chemical conditions and measuring the specific growth rate. We foun…
Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, pH, and Extent of Growth on the Morphology of <i>Methanosarcina mazei</i> S-6 Open
Methanosarcina mazei S-6 grew faster and its morphology changed to individual coccoid cells in medium with elevated concentrations of divalent cations and a large amount of catabolic substrate.
H <sub>2</sub> -CO <sub>2</sub> Recirculation and pH Control for Growth of Methanogens in Mass Culture Open
We modified a fermentor (10-liter liquid volume) for the growth of anaerobic, H 2 -CO 2 -catabolizing bacteria. Gas in the fermentor (ca. 10% CO 2 , 50% H 2 , 40% CH 4 ) was recirculated by a diaphragm pump. During growth, the gas composit…
Effects of Hydrogen Pressure during Growth and Effects of Pregrowth with Hydrogen on Acetate Degradation by <i>Methanosarcina</i> Species Open
Methanosarcina barkeri 227 and Methanosarcina mazei S-6 grew with acetate as the substrate; we found little effect of H 2 on the rate of aceticlastic growth in the presence of various H 2 pressures between 2 and 810 Pa. We used physical (H…
Isolation and Characterization of a Fast-Growing, Thermophilic <i>Methanobacterium</i> Species Open
A thermophilic, autotrophic methanogen (strain CB12, DSM 3664) was isolated from a mesophilic biogas digestor. This bacterium used H 2 -CO 2 or formate as a substrate and grew as short rods, sometimes in pairs and in crooked filaments. Mot…
Isolation and Characterization of a Moderately Halophilic Methanogen from a Solar Saltern Open
A moderately halophilic methanogenic bacterium was enriched with trimethylamine and isolated from the sediment of a solar salt pond (total dissolved solids of pond water, 250 g/liter; pH 7.5). The isolate (strain SF1, DSM 3243) was an irre…
<i>Methanosarcina mazei</i> LYC, a New Methanogenic Isolate Which Produces a Disaggregating Enzyme Open
A methanogenic coccoid organism, Methanosarcina mazei LYC, was isolated from alkaline sediment obtained from an oil exploration drilling site. The isolate resembled M. mazei S-6 by exhibiting different morphophases during its normal growth…
Propionate Exchange Reactions in Methanogenic Ecosystems Open
Propionate degradation was measured with [1- 14 C]- and [2- 14 C]propionate in an anaerobic digestor. When [1- 14 C]propionate was used, label disappeared more rapidly from the propionate pool than when [2- 14 C]propionate was used. This i…
Mixed-Culture Fermentor for Simulating Methanogenic Digestors Open
Propionate degradation in an anaerobic digestor degrading animal waste (10-day retention time, 5.75 g liter −1 day −1 volatile solids loading rate, 40°C) was 0.304 mM h −1 , measured with [2- 14 C]propionate; this value indicated that CH 4…
Terminal Reactions in the Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste Open
An anaerobic mesophilic digestor was operated using beef cattle waste (diluted to 5.75% volatile solids) as substrate; retention time was 10 days with daily batch feed. Volatile solids destruction was 36%. Daily gas production rate was 1.8…
Propionate-Degrading Bacterium, <i>Syntrophobacter wolinii</i> sp. nov. gen. nov., from Methanogenic Ecosystems Open
A new genus and species of a nonmotile gram-negative rod, Syntrophobacter wolinii , is the first bacterium described which degrades propionate only in coculture with an H 2 -using organism and in the absence of light or exogenous electron …
Computer Mapping of Air Quality Open
A methodology for mapping the spatial distribution of air pollutants by computer is presented. Using input data from discretely located air monitoring stations, estimates of pollutant concentrations are computed at 1.2-mile (2-km) incremen…