Explanipedia

What Is a Polyolefin? A Critical Overview of Ethylene Copolymers Used as Solar Photovoltaic Module Encapsulants Open

Paul Gebhardt, David C. Miller, Brian M. Habersberger · 2025

In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) encapsulant films marketed as polyolefins (POs), more specifically as PO elastomers (POEs) and thermoplastic POs (TPOs), have gained significant market share and are projected to become the dominant encap…

Standardized nomenclature for photovoltaic connectors Open

Steven DiGregorio, Laurie Burnham, Bruce H. King, David C. Miller, Bill Sekulic , et al. · 2025

Photovoltaic cable jackets A comparison of representative products using combined-accelerated stress testing Open

David C. Miller, Rachael L. Arnold, Peter Hacke, Aubrey Jackson, Chun‐Sheng Jiang , et al. · 2025

Advanced Diagnosis and Accelerated Testing of Balance of System Components for Utility Scale PV Installations: October 1, 2022-September 30, 2024 Open

David C. Miller · 2025

A study of the durability of PV Balance of System components was performed. Specifically, wire cable jackets and cable connectors were examined within the direct current (DC) PV Power Transmission Chain (PTC). Degraded and failed samples h…

Photovoltaic Cable Jackets: A Comparison of Representative Products Using Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing [Slides] Open

David C. Miller, Rachael L. Arnold, Peter Hacke, Aubrey Jackson, C.-S. Jiang , et al. · 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) cables facilitate the distribution of electricity collected from modules to the energy grid. Durable cabling enables continuous operation of PV installations, whereas cables with a lifetime less than the modules must be r…

Can we improve time to patency with vasoepididymostomy with an innovative epididymal occlusion stitch? Open

Francesco Costantini Mesquita, Luís Felipe Sávio, David Velasquez, Alexandra Aponte Varnum, Rodrigo Barros , et al. · 2024

In conclusion, this video is both a demonstration and a call to action for commitment to surgical innovation. We aim to raise the bar in VE success rates, ultimately bringing tangible benefits to patients and contributing to the ongoing ev…

Soiling, cleaning, and abrasion: The results of the 5-year photovoltaic glass coating field study Open

Joanna Bomber, Asher Einhorn, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Clare Lanaghan, Jeffrey Linger , et al. · 2024

Determining the Crosslinking and Degradation Reaction Kinetics in Photovoltaic Encapsulants Using Accelerated Aging: Preprint Open

Kuan Liu, David C. Miller, Nick Bosco, Reinhold H. Dauskardt · 2024

Degradation of photovoltaic (PV) module encapsulant mechanical characteristics that lead to embrittlement and delamination remains a cause of failure in solar installations. A multiscale reliability model based on detailed molecular degrad…

"Soiling, Cleaning, and Abrasion: The Results of the Five-Year Photovoltaic Glass Coating Field Study" [Slides] Open

Joanna Bomber, Asher Einhorn, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Clare Lanaghan, Jeffrey Linger , et al. · 2024

External contamination ("soiling") of the incident surface is a major limiting factor for solar technologies. A 5-year field glass coupon study was conducted to better understand external contamination and its effects; compare cleaning met…

Photovoltaic Cable Connectors: A Comparative Assessment of the Present State of the Industry [Slides] Open

David C. Miller, Rachael L. Arnold, Peter Hacke, Chun‐Sheng Jiang, Steven C. Hayden , et al. · 2024

The consequences of failure for balance of systems (BoS) components (such as PV cable connectors) include offline module string(s); low system voltage; arc, ground, insulation, and over-temperature faults; triggered fuse(s); system shutdow…

Investigating Shallow Subsurface Structure Near Legacy Nuclear Test Sites Using Single Station HVSR Open

David C. Miller, Elizabeth Berg, Leiph Preston, Robert Abbott · 2024

Material characterization of seven photovoltaic backsheets using seven accelerated test conditions Open

Soňa Uličná, Rachael L. Arnold, Jimmy M. Newkirk, Archana Sinha, Kent Terwilliger , et al. · 2024

Soiling, Cleaning, and Abrasion: The Results of the 5-Year Photovoltaic Glass Coating Field Study Open

David C. Miller, Joanna Bomber, Asher Einhorn, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Clare Lanaghan , et al. · 2024

Accelerated Aging of PV Cables - The Development of Methods Towards Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing Open

David C. Miller, Rachael L. Arnold, Peter Hacke, Chun‐Sheng Jiang, Helio Moutinho , et al. · 2023

PV cables allow the collection and distribution of electricity from modules to the energy grid. Durable cabling allows continuous operation of PV installations. Cables with a life less than that of the modules must be replaced - reducing e…

Performance and durability of electrically conductive tape for shingled Si heterojunction technology cells Open

Peter Hacke, David C. Miller, Daniel Pierpont, Tianyu Wu · 2023

Electrically conductive tape (ECT) was characterized and used to assemble shingled cell strings at low temperature to achieve high reliability Pb‐ and Ag‐free interconnections. The volume resistivity for two considered ECTs are 0.13 ± 0.06…

Setting Priorities for Photovoltaic Reliability Research Using Criticality Analysis Open

Ingrid Repins, Michael G. Deceglie, Timothy J. Silverman, David C. Miller, Dirk Jordan , et al. · 2023

A forward-looking research opportunity number (RON) is defined for photovoltaic reliability researchers. The RON enables researchers to prioritize their efforts toward the highest impact. For a given degradation mode, the RON is based on t…

Variability and associated uncertainty in image analysis for soiling characterization in solar energy systems Open

Greg P. Smestad, Cody B. Anderson, Michael E. Cholette, Pavan Fuke, Ahmed Amine Hachicha , et al. · 2023

Acceleration Factors for Combined‐Accelerated Stress Testing of Photovoltaic Modules Open

Peter Hacke, Michael Owen‐Bellini, Michael Kempe, Dana B. Kern, David C. Miller , et al. · 2023

Combined‐accelerated stress testing (C‐AST) is developed to establish the durability of photovoltaic (PV) products, including for degradation modes that are not a priori known or examined in standardized tests. C‐AST aims to comprehensivel…

PV encapsulant formulations and stress test conditions influence dominant degradation mechanisms Open

Soňa Uličná, Archana Sinha, David C. Miller, Brian M. Habersberger, Laura T. Schelhas , et al. · 2023

Quantifying optical loss of high‐voltage degradation modes in photovoltaic modules using spectral analysis Open

David C. Miller, Katherine E. Hurst, Archana Sinha, Jiadong Qian, Stephanie L. Moffitt , et al. · 2023

The direct current bias for photovoltaic (PV) modules interconnected in series‐strings may include both high voltage negative (“HV−”) and positive (“HV+”) polarity with respect to the electrical ground. Multiple degradation modes, resultin…

Quantifying Optical Loss of High-Voltage Degradation Modes in PV Modules Using Spectral Analysis [Slides] Open

David C. Miller, Katherine E. Hurst, Archana Sinha, Joanna Bomber, Jiadong Qian , et al. · 2023

The direct current bias for photovoltaic (PV) modules interconnected in series-strings may include both high voltage negative ("HV-") and positive ("HV+") polarity with respect to the electrical ground. Multiple degradation modes, resultin…

High-Throughput Optical Mapping for Accelerated Stress Testing of PV Module Materials Open

Imran Khan, Caleb Phillips, Steven S. Robbins, Robert White, David C. Miller · 2023

The study will provide guidance towards the design and application of larger and/or outdoor-use intended instruments. Measurement capability will be benchmarked against existing specimens, examined in a round-robin study using conventional…

Development of Fixtures and Methods to Assess the Durability of Balance of Systems Components Open

David C. Miller, Greg Perrin, Kent Terwilliger, Joshua Morse, Chuanxiao Xiao , et al. · 2022

The degradation of photovoltaic (PV) balance of systems (BoS) components is not well studied, but the consequences include offline modules, strings, and inverters; system shutdown; arc faults; and fires. A utility provider experienced a ~3…

A study of degradation mechanisms in PVDF-based photovoltaic backsheets Open

Soňa Uličná, Michael Owen‐Bellini, Stephanie L. Moffitt, Archana Sinha, Jared Tracy , et al. · 2022

UV‐induced degradation of high‐efficiency silicon PV modules with different cell architectures Open

Archana Sinha, Jiadong Qian, Stephanie L. Moffitt, Katherine E. Hurst, Kent Terwilliger , et al. · 2022

Degradation from ultraviolet (UV) radiation has become prevalent in the front of solar cells due to the introduction of UV‐transmitting encapsulants in photovoltaic (PV) module construction. Here, we examine UV‐induced degradation (UVID) i…

The IEC 62788-7-3 Abrasion Methods Standard and Supporting Experiments at NREL on PV Surfaces and Coatings Open

Joanna Bomber, Clare Lanaghan, Joshua Morse, David C. Miller, Jimmy M. Newkirk , et al. · 2022

IEC 62788-7-3 was published on February 22, 2022. This presentation will discuss and try to understand how and why the methods became prescribed, and gather feedback on abrasives and characterization used with abrasion tests. The presentat…

A Custom High-Throughput Optical Mapping Instrument for Accelerated Stress Testing of PV Module Materials Open

Imran Khan, Joshua Morse, Robert White, David C. Miller · 2021

The performance and integrity of photovoltaic (PV) modules and materials may be assessed through optical characterizations. We have developed a custom optical mapping instrument (OMI) to improve measurement throughput time, facilitate auto…

A Comparison of Emerging Nonfluoropolymer-Based Coextruded PV Backsheets to Industry-Benchmark Technologies Open

Michael Thuis, Naila Al Hasan, Rachael L. Arnold, Bruce H. King, Ashley Maes , et al. · 2021

As the photovoltaic (PV) industry is rapidly expanding around the world, there has been an increasing interest in extending the lifespan of PV modules. Concern has also emerged regarding the recyclability of modules and their component mat…

BACKFLIP: A Comparison of Emerging Non-Fluoropolymer-Based, Co-Extruded PV Backsheets to Industry-Benchmark Technologies Open

Naila Al Hasan, Rachael L. Arnold, R. Bruce King, David C. Miller, Jimmy M. Newkirk , et al. · 2021

As the photovoltaic (PV) industry is rapidly expanding around the world, there has been an increasing interest in extending the lifespan of PV modules. Concern has also emerged regarding the recyclability of modules and their component mat…

Failure Analysis of a New Polyamide-Based Fluoropolymer-Free Backsheet After Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing Open

Soňa Uličná, Archana Sinha, Martin Springer, David C. Miller, Peter Hacke , et al. · 2021

The viability of novel coextruded, fluoropolymer-free backsheets for photovoltaic (PV) modules has been questioned as a result of a large number of early-life backsheet failures in PV installations containing one of the earliest co-extrude…

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