Explanipedia

Investigation into the Synthesis of Several TATB-Inspired Energetic Materials Open

Meghan C. Benda, David E. Chavez · 2025

The synthesis and characterization of several TATB-inspired energetic materials was explored. Despite their structural similarity to TATB, their behavior toward traditional synthetic pathways deviates significantly from that of the parent …

Long-term Moisture Adsorption in Packaged Plutonium Oxide Open

Kate A. Jesse, Zachary R. Jones, Christopher J. Rosales, Ann R. Schake, David E. Chavez , et al. · 2024

Synthesis and characterization of furazan energetics ADAAF and DOATF Open

Jaqueline M Veauthier, David E. Chavez, Bryce C. Tappan, Damon A. Parrish · 2024

The synthesis and structural characterization of bis[4-aminofurazanyl-3-azoxy]azofurazan (ADAAF) and 3,4:7,8:11,12:15,16-tetrafurazano-1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14-octaazacyclohexadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene-1,10-dioxide (DOATF) are described. E…

Effects of damage on non-shock initiation of HMX-based explosives Open

Daniel Preston, Paul D. Peterson, Lee Kien - Yin, David E. Chavez, Racci DeLuca , et al. · 2024

Structural damage in energetic materials plays a significant role in the probability of nonshock initiation events. Damage may occur in the form of voids or cracks either within crystals or in binder-rich regions between crystals. These cr…

Synthesis of a new energetic nitrate ester Open

David E. Chavez, Michael A. Hiskey, Darren L. Naud, Damon A. Parrish · 2024

Nitrate esters have been known as useful energetic materials since the discovery of nitroglycerin by Ascanio Sobrero in 1846. The development of methods to increase the safety and utility of nitroglycerin by Alfred Nobel led to the revolut…

Synthesis and energetic properties of TAGDNAT: a new high-nitrogen material Open

David E. Chavez · 2024

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of Bis-(triaminoguanidinium)3,3'-dinitro5,5'-azo-1,2,4-triazolate (TAGDNAT), a novel high-nitrogen molecule that derives its energy release from both a high heat of formation and intr…

Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties of Nitrate Ester Acrylate Polymer Open

Valerie A. Kuehl, A. M. Schmalzer, Christopher J. Snyder, David E. Chavez · 2023

An energetic nitrate ester acrylate monomer (4) was synthesized in a total yield of 68% and polymerized to form the energetic nitrate ester acrylate polymer (NEAP). Compound 4 is a liquid at room temperature with a mel…

Synthesis and Energetic Properties of N-Substituted 3,4- and 3,5-Dinitropyrazoles Open

Valerie A. Kuehl, Alexander H. Cleveland, Christopher J. Snyder, David E. Chavez · 2023

3,4- and 3,5-Dinitropyrazoles (DNPs) were substituted with acryl and allyl groups on the N1 nitrogen atom, resulting in three novel energetic materials. These compounds are all liquids at room temperature with melting points ranging from -…

Photoactive energetic materials Open

David E. Chavez, Susan K. Hanson, Robert Scharff, Jacqueline Marie Veauthier, Thomas Winfield Myers · 2023

Energetic materials that are photoactive or believed to be photoactive may include a conventional explosive (e.g. PETN, nitroglycerine) derivatized with an energetic UV-absorbing and/or VIS-absorbing chromophore such as 1,2,4,5-tetrazine o…

Process for the preparation of an energetic nitrate ester Open

David E. Chavez, Darren L. Naud, Michael A. Hiskey · 2023

A process for the preparation of an energetic nitrate ester compound and related intermediates is provided.

Preparation of 3,3'-azobis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) Open

Michael A. Hiskey, David E. Chavez, Darren Naud · 2023

The compound of the structure ##STR1## where a, b, c, d and e are 0 or 1 and a+b+c+d+e is from 0 to 5 is disclosed together with the species 3,3'-azobis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and a process of preparing such compounds.

CCDC 1846069: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination Open

David E. Chavez, Bryce C. Tappan, Valerie A. Kuehl, A. M. Schmalzer, P.W. Leonard , et al. · 2022

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available …

Synthesis of a New 1,2,4‐Triazine Derived Azidoxime Open

Alexander H. Cleveland, Gregory H. Imler, Christopher J. Snyder, David E. Chavez, Damon A. Parrish · 2022

A 1,2,4‐triazine based azidoxime was formed via the substitution of a chloroxime ( 3 ) with sodium azide in ethanol. This compound was characterized via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This material has a calculated density of 1.746 g ⋅ …

[3+2] click chemistry approach to tetrazine containing polymers Open

David E. Chavez, Bryce C. Tappan, Valerie A. Kuehl, A. M. Schmalzer, P.W. Leonard , et al. · 2022

We report a [3+2] cycloaddition using 3,6-bis-propargyloxy-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and azides to synthesize energetic polymers containing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine within the scaffold.

Synergetic Explosive Performance through Cocrystallization Open

Christopher J. Snyder, Gregory H. Imler, David E. Chavez, Damon A. Parrish · 2021

A 1:2 cocrystal of 4H,8H-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]pyrazine and hydroxylamine has been prepared that displays 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-like sensitivity and performance. Most notably, the detonation properties of the cocrystal ar…

CCDC 2009214: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination Open

Thuy‐Ai D. Nguyen, Jacqueline M. Veauthier, David E. Chavez, Bryce C. Tappan, Alexander H. Mueller , et al. · 2020

Lanthanide Complexes of Bis(tetrazolato)amine: A Route to Lanthanide Nitride Foams Open

Thuy‐Ai D. Nguyen, Jacqueline M. Veauthier, David E. Chavez, Bryce C. Tappan, Alexander H. Mueller , et al. · 2020

Metal nitrides are strong refractory ceramic materials known for applications in the coatings, catalysis, and semiconductor industries. Lanthanide nitrides are difficult to prepare in high purity and often require high temperatures and sop…

Correlating Mechanical Sensitivity with Spin Transition in the Explosive Spin Crossover Complex [Fe(Htrz)3]n[ClO4]2n Open

Thuy‐Ai D. Nguyen, Jacqueline M. Veauthier, Gary F. Angles-Tamayo, David E. Chavez, Ekaterina Lapsheva , et al. · 2020

Spin crossover complexes are known to undergo bond length, volume, and enthalpy changes during spin transition. In an explosive spin crossover complex, these changes could affect the mechanical and initiation sensitivity of the explosive a…

Bis(Nitroxymethylisoxazolyl) Furoxan: A Promising Standalone Melt‐Castable Explosive Open

E. Johnson, Jesse J. Sabatini, David E. Chavez, Lucille A. Wells, Joseph E. Banning , et al. · 2020

The synthesis and crystal structure of the heterocyclic explosive bis(nitroxymethylisoxazolyl) furoxan, C 10 H 6 N 6 O 10 , are described. In addition, we report its physical properties and theoretical performance. This material was found …

Modifying Nitrate Ester Sensitivity Properties Using Explosive Isomers Open

Nicholas Lease, Lisa M. Kay, Geoffrey W. Brown, David E. Chavez, P.W. Leonard , et al. · 2019

Understanding explosive sensitivity is key to the safe handling and development of new explosives. Macro- and microscale studies have concluded that multiple physical and chemical factors affect sensitivity, both intermolecular and intramo…

BOM: The Next Generation of High Performance Explosives Open

David E. Chavez · 2019

The EPA has declared phase-out of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) a priority due to toxicity concerns. LANL and the Army Research Laboratory created a melt-castable next generation high performance explosive to replace TNT. They invented bis(1,2,4-o…

Development of a Solvent-Free Process to Prepare DNAN Open

David E. Chavez, Eugene A. Mash · 2019

Objectives: Additive-free, solvent-free chemical reactions are generally more environmentally benign than alternative processes that involve these reaction components. 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is of interest to the military and to industr…

Bis(1,2,4‐oxadiazolyl) Furoxan: A Promising Melt‐Castable Eutectic Material of Low Sensitivity Open

E. Johnson, Eric J. Bukowski, Jesse J. Sabatini, Rosario C. Sausa, Edward F. C. Byrd , et al. · 2019

A scalable synthesis of bis(1,2,4‐oxadiazoyl) furoxan, C 6 H 2 N 6 O 4 , its physical properties, and its theoretical performance values are described. Previous attempts to synthesize this compound required expensive reagents, and/or time‐…

Polycyclic N-oxides: high performing, low sensitivity energetic materials Open

Christopher J. Snyder, Lucille A. Wells, David E. Chavez, Gregory H. Imler, Damon A. Parrish · 2019

Polycyclic N-oxides were developed based on the heterocycles 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 4H,8H-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]pyrazine.

Increased handling sensitivity of molten erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) Open

Nicholas Lease, Lisa M. Kay, David E. Chavez, David Robbins, Virginia W. Manner · 2018

Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a well-studied homemade explosive (HME), which is known for its ability to be melt-cast at a fairly low temperature. We have observed dramatically increased handling sensitivity of ETN in the molten state, …

Bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)bis(methylene) Dinitrate: A High-Energy Melt-Castable Explosive and Energetic Propellant Plasticizing Ingredient Open

E. Johnson, Jesse J. Sabatini, David E. Chavez, Rosario C. Sausa, Edward F. C. Byrd , et al. · 2018

Here, we discuss the synthesis of bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)bis(methylene) dinitrate, determination of its crystal structure by X-ray diffractometry, calculations of its explosive performance, and sensitivity measurements. Steps taken to optimi…

Cover Picture: Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials (Prop., Explos., Pyrotech. 1/2018) Open

P.W. Leonard, David E. Chavez, Patrick R. Bowden, Elizabeth Francois · 2018

The cover picture shows a drop weight impact test of a melt castable formulation. The molecular structures of some of the ingredients used to develop environmentally friendly melt castable formulations that could serve as alternatives to T…

From Equitable to Equal, and then More Equal: How Nevada Divorce Law Can Help Domestic Violence Survivors Open

David E. Chavez · 2018

Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials Open

P.W. Leonard, David E. Chavez, Patrick R. Bowden, Elizabeth Francois · 2017

Three new low melting compositions have been developed based on the ingredients amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate, 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising gu…

Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Explosive Cocrystals containing 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl‐substituted‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazines Open

Christopher J. Snyder, David E. Chavez, Gregory H. Imler, Edward F. C. Byrd, P.W. Leonard , et al. · 2017

The reaction of 3,4‐dinitropyrazole, 5‐nitrotetrazole, or 4‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines substituted with 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl (dmp) groups results in energetic cocrystals after 1 minute of reflux and cooling to room tempe…

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