David E. Krysztof
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View article: Powassan and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Seroprevalence in Endemic Areas, United States, 2019–2020
Powassan and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Seroprevalence in Endemic Areas, United States, 2019–2020 Open
Powassan virus (POWV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are regionally endemic arboviruses in the United States that can cause neuroinvasive disease and death. Recent identification of EEEV transmission through organ transplanta…
View article: HIV Subtypes and Drug-resistance-associated Mutations in US Blood Donors, 2015–2020
HIV Subtypes and Drug-resistance-associated Mutations in US Blood Donors, 2015–2020 Open
Background Monitoring genotypes of HIV infections in blood donors may provide insights into infection trends in the general population. Methods HIV RNA was extracted from plasma samples of blood donors confirmed as HIV positive by blood sc…
View article: Patient and Immunological Factors Associated With Delayed Clearance of Mucosal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA and Symptom Persistence
Patient and Immunological Factors Associated With Delayed Clearance of Mucosal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA and Symptom Persistence Open
Serial blood and mucosal samples were characterized for 102 participants enrolled a median of 7.0 days after coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis. Mucosal RNA was detectable for a median of 31.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.5–63.5) days…
View article: Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Viremia in Presymptomatic Blood Donors in the Delta and Omicron Variant Eras
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Viremia in Presymptomatic Blood Donors in the Delta and Omicron Variant Eras Open
Presymptomatic plasma samples from 1596 donors reporting coronavirus disease 2019 infection or symptoms after blood donation were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and anti-S and anti-N antibodies.…
View article: Frequent detection but lack of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in presymptomatic, infected blood donor plasma
Frequent detection but lack of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in presymptomatic, infected blood donor plasma Open
Respiratory viruses such as influenza do not typically cause viremia; however, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the blood of COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in blood raises questions about its role i…
View article: Mitigating the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections with vector‐borne agents solely by means of pathogen reduction
Mitigating the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections with vector‐borne agents solely by means of pathogen reduction Open
Background This study evaluated whether pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in plasma and platelets using amotosalen/ultraviolet A light (A/UVA) or in red blood cells using amustaline/glutathione (S‐303/GSH) may be used as the sole mitigat…
View article: Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021
Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021 Open
Background Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined (“hybrid immunity”), result in partial protection from subsequent in…
View article: Evaluating the Safety of West Nile Virus Immunity During Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Mice
Evaluating the Safety of West Nile Virus Immunity During Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Mice Open
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon that occurs when cross-reactive antibodies generated from a previous flaviviral infection increase the pathogenesis of a related virus. Zika virus (ZIKV) is the most recent flavivirus in…
View article: Sex differences in cytokine production following West Nile virus infection: Implications for symptom manifestation
Sex differences in cytokine production following West Nile virus infection: Implications for symptom manifestation Open
West Nile virus (WNV) infection outcomes vary among individuals, with most infections resulting in asymptomatic or mild flu-like symptoms. We previously reported an association between early cytokine production and symptom outcome followin…
View article: Blood donor testing for hepatitis B virus in the United States: is there a case for continuation of hepatitis B surface antigen detection?
Blood donor testing for hepatitis B virus in the United States: is there a case for continuation of hepatitis B surface antigen detection? Open
BACKGROUND In the United States, blood donor testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was initiated in the early 1970s. More recently, testing for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA have …
View article: Investigational Testing for Zika Virus among U.S. Blood Donors
Investigational Testing for Zika Virus among U.S. Blood Donors Open
Screening of U.S. blood donations for ZIKV by individual-donation TMA was costly and had a low yield. Among the 9 confirmed ZIKV-positive donations, only 4 were IgM-negative; of these donations, all 3 that were tested were reactive on mini…
View article: Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccine-Induced Human Antibodies Mediate Negligible Enhancement of Zika Virus Infection <i>In</i> <i>Vitro</i> and in a Mouse Model
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccine-Induced Human Antibodies Mediate Negligible Enhancement of Zika Virus Infection <i>In</i> <i>Vitro</i> and in a Mouse Model Open
The relationship between serial infections of two different serotypes of dengue virus and more severe disease courses is well-documented in the literature, driven by so-called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Recently, studies have sh…
View article: Enhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis by preexisting antiflavivirus immunity
Enhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis by preexisting antiflavivirus immunity Open
One antibody for all and all antibodies for one Antibodies against related flavi-viruses such as dengue (DENV) and West Nile (WNV) can cross-react with Zika virus (ZIKV) and could thereby increase disease severity. Bardina et al. tested wh…
View article: Differences in Early Cytokine Production Are Associated With Development of a Greater Number of Symptoms Following West Nile Virus Infection
Differences in Early Cytokine Production Are Associated With Development of a Greater Number of Symptoms Following West Nile Virus Infection Open
Collectively, our data suggest that, although an early type I interferon response appears to be crucial to control WNV infection, successful immunity may require a modest early response that is maintained during the course of infection.
View article: Distribution of Dengue Virus Types 1 and 4 in Blood Components from Infected Blood Donors from Puerto Rico
Distribution of Dengue Virus Types 1 and 4 in Blood Components from Infected Blood Donors from Puerto Rico Open
DENV was present in all tested components from most donors, and viral RNA was not preferentially distributed in any of the tested components. Infectious DENV was also present in similar proportions in cultured plasma, clot and CCWB samples…
View article: Risk factors and epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in US blood donors
Risk factors and epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in US blood donors Open
Blood donations in the US are routinely screened for markers of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV). Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HTLV-1 and -2 infection from the US Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS-II) Transfusio…
View article: Genomic Assays for Identification of Chikungunya Virus in Blood Donors, Puerto Rico, 2014
Genomic Assays for Identification of Chikungunya Virus in Blood Donors, Puerto Rico, 2014 Open
A newly developed transcription-mediated amplification assay was used to detect chikungunya virus infection in 3 of 557 asymptomatic donors (0.54%) from Puerto Rico during the 2014-2015 Caribbean epidemic. Viral detection was confirmed by …