David Powell
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View article: The Effect of the 2009 Influenza Pandemic on Absence from Work
The Effect of the 2009 Influenza Pandemic on Absence from Work Open
In July 2009, the World Health Organization declared the first flu pandemic in nearly 40 years. Although the health effects of the pandemic have been studied, there is little research examining the labor productivity consequences. Using un…
View article: Improving Policy Evaluations Of The Opioid Crisis
Improving Policy Evaluations Of The Opioid Crisis Open
With fatal opioid overdoses rising steadily between 1999 and 2022, researchers have tried to identify effective policy approaches that can stem the tide and mitigate associated harms. However, policy evaluations intended to inform policy c…
View article: Geography And Fentanyl: Explaining The Disproportionate Rise In Opioid Overdose Deaths Among Black Americans
Geography And Fentanyl: Explaining The Disproportionate Rise In Opioid Overdose Deaths Among Black Americans Open
This study investigated how geography helps explain the striking increase in opioid-related overdose deaths among Black Americans since the proliferation of fentanyl. Using mortality data from the period 1999-2020, we modeled annual overdo…
View article: The Relationship Between Receipt of Opioid Settlement Funds and Reductions in Opioid Overdose Deaths in the U.S.
The Relationship Between Receipt of Opioid Settlement Funds and Reductions in Opioid Overdose Deaths in the U.S. Open
This study provides valuable initial evidence that settlement disbursements are being directed toward states with higher baseline opioid-related overdose death rates, and the size of the disbursements is associated with early reductions in…
View article: Artificial Nutrition Preferences Among California Nursing Home Residents
Artificial Nutrition Preferences Among California Nursing Home Residents Open
Background The use of feeding tubes has shown no benefit in persons with advanced dementia and has declined over the last decade in this population. However, racial disparities in feeding tube placement have persisted. To better understand…
View article: Ransomware Attacks, ED Visits and Inpatient Admissions in Targeted and Nearby Hospitals
Ransomware Attacks, ED Visits and Inpatient Admissions in Targeted and Nearby Hospitals Open
This case-control study analyzes disruptive ransomware attacks against hospitals in California from 2014 to 2020 and emergency department (ED) and inpatient admissions in attacked and nearby hospitals.
View article: Opioid Prescribing Patterns After Imposition of Setting-Specific Limits on Prescription Duration
Opioid Prescribing Patterns After Imposition of Setting-Specific Limits on Prescription Duration Open
Importance Despite their widespread adoption across the US, policies imposing one-size-fits-all limits on the duration of prescriptions for opioids have shown modest and mixed implications for prescribing. Objective To assess whether a pre…
View article: Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis
Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis Open
This article documents child suicide rates from 1980 to 2020 in the United States using the National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death database. After generally declining for decades, suicide rates among children aged 10–17 a…
View article: Educational Attainment and US Drug Overdose Deaths
Educational Attainment and US Drug Overdose Deaths Open
Importance Educational attainment in the US is associated with life expectancy. As the opioid crisis worsens, it is critical to understand how overdose death rate trends evolve across education groups. Objective To investigate the associat…
View article: Relationship of POLST to Hospitalization and ICU Care Among Nursing Home Residents in California
Relationship of POLST to Hospitalization and ICU Care Among Nursing Home Residents in California Open
Background Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST) document instructions for intensity of care based upon patient care preferences. POLST forms generally reflect patients’ wishes and dictate subsequent medical care, but it i…
View article: Changes over time in <scp>POLST</scp> use and content by race and ethnicity among California nursing home residents
Changes over time in <span>POLST</span> use and content by race and ethnicity among California nursing home residents Open
Background Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment (POLST) are commonly used for nursing home (NH) residents. Treatment orders differ across race and ethnicity, presumably related to cultural and socioeconomic variation and levels o…
View article: Pain Management and Work Capacity: Evidence From Workers’ Compensation and Marijuana Legalization
Pain Management and Work Capacity: Evidence From Workers’ Compensation and Marijuana Legalization Open
We study whether the work capacity of the older working population responds to improved pain management therapy access. We use the adoption of state recreational marijuana laws (RMLs) as a large policy shock to access to a non‐pharmaceutic…
View article: Estimating Policy Effects using Lagged Outcome Values to Impute Counterfactuals
Estimating Policy Effects using Lagged Outcome Values to Impute Counterfactuals Open
Causal inference requires estimation of counterfactual outcomes. Given panel data, it is customary to use unit- and time-specific information to impute counterfactuals. Additive unit and time fixed effects are often used, but a rapidly gro…
View article: Trends in the Concurrent Prescription of Opioids and Gabapentin in the US, 2006 to 2018
Trends in the Concurrent Prescription of Opioids and Gabapentin in the US, 2006 to 2018 Open
This cohort study examines trends in concurrent gabapentin and opioid prescribing in the US, overall and by prescriber, patient, and county characteristics, between 2006 and 2018.
View article: Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Admissions in the US by Sex and Race and Ethnicity Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Admissions in the US by Sex and Race and Ethnicity Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Open
This cross-sectional study examines the changes in treatment admissions for substance use disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex and race and ethnicity.
View article: Trends in Out-of-Pocket Costs for Naloxone by Drug Brand and Payer in the US, 2010-2018
Trends in Out-of-Pocket Costs for Naloxone by Drug Brand and Payer in the US, 2010-2018 Open
Importance Improving access to naloxone is a critical component of the nation’s strategy to curb fatal overdoses in the opioid crisis. Standing or protocol orders, prescriptive authority laws, and immunity provisions have been passed by st…
View article: Changes in Buprenorphine and Methadone Supplies in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Changes in Buprenorphine and Methadone Supplies in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic Open
This cross-sectional study of buprenorphine and methadone supplies during the COVID-19 pandemic found a pronounced decline in the methadone supply but no disruption to the buprenorphine supply. Future research is needed to explain the pron…
View article: Care preferences in physician orders for life sustaining treatment in California nursing homes
Care preferences in physician orders for life sustaining treatment in California nursing homes Open
Background Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment (POLST) facilitates documentation and transition of patients' life‐sustaining treatment orders across care settings. Little is known about patient and facility factors related to ca…