Debby Schipper
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View article: Immunohistochemical investigation of canine lymph nodes collected during a rabies outbreak in South Africa
Immunohistochemical investigation of canine lymph nodes collected during a rabies outbreak in South Africa Open
Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that impairs host immune function, yet effects on peripheral lymphoid architecture are poorly defined. During a 2021–2022 rabies virus (RABV) outbreak in South Africa, we collected cervical lymph nodes from 36 ra…
View article: Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape using antigenic cartography combined with experimental challenge studies
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape using antigenic cartography combined with experimental challenge studies Open
The disease burden of COVID-19 significantly decreased with the implementation of vaccines. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants that escape vaccine induced immunity continue to emerge and may pose a risk to public health. While vaccine updates ar…
View article: Variable DPP4 expression in multiciliated cells of the human nasal epithelium as a determinant for MERS-CoV tropism
Variable DPP4 expression in multiciliated cells of the human nasal epithelium as a determinant for MERS-CoV tropism Open
Transmissibility of respiratory viruses is a complex viral trait that is intricately linked to tropism. Several highly transmissible viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Influenza viruses, specifically tar…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 accessory protein is a virulence factor
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 accessory protein is a virulence factor Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes six accessory proteins (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, and 9b) for which limited information is available on their role in pathogenesis. We showed that the deletion of open reading fr…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron entry is type II transmembrane serine protease-mediated in human airway and intestinal organoid models
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron entry is type II transmembrane serine protease-mediated in human airway and intestinal organoid models Open
SARS-CoV-2 can enter cells after its spike protein is cleaved by either type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), like TMPRSS2, or cathepsins. It is now widely accepted that the Omicron variant uses TMPRSS2 less efficiently and inste…
View article: Data from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Data from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Successful treatment of solid tumors with chemotherapeutics requires that adequate levels reach the tumor cells. Tumor vascular normalization has been proposed to enhance drug delivery and improve tumor response to chemotherapy. Differentl…
View article: Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 2 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 2 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 2 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 2 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 2 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 2 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 1 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 3 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
View article: Data from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response
Data from Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response Open
Successful treatment of solid tumors with chemotherapeutics requires that adequate levels reach the tumor cells. Tumor vascular normalization has been proposed to enhance drug delivery and improve tumor response to chemotherapy. Differentl…
View article: Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct
Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct Open
The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants may affect vaccine efficacy substantially. The Omicron variant termed BA.2, which differs substantially from BA.1 based on genetic sequence, is currently replacing BA.1 in several count…
View article: Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants
Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants Open
The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants may impact vaccine efficacy significantly 1 . The Omicron variant termed BA.2, which differs genetically substantially from BA.1, is currently replacing BA.1 in several countries, but i…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron efficiently infects human airway, but not alveolar epithelium
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron efficiently infects human airway, but not alveolar epithelium Open
In late 2021, the highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged, raising concerns about its potential extensive immune evasion, increased transmissibility and pathogenicity. Here, we used organoids of the human airways and alveoli to i…
View article: A CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered organoid biobank reveals essential host factors for coronaviruses
A CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered organoid biobank reveals essential host factors for coronaviruses Open
Rapid identification of host genes essential for virus replication may expedite the generation of therapeutic interventions. Genetic screens are often performed in transformed cell lines that poorly represent viral target cells in vivo, le…
View article: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A and B Infections in Nasal, Bronchial, Small-Airway, and Organoid-Derived Respiratory Cultures
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A and B Infections in Nasal, Bronchial, Small-Airway, and Organoid-Derived Respiratory Cultures Open
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young infants and causes almost 200,000 deaths per year. Currently, there is no vaccine or treatment available, only a prophylactic monoclonal an…
View article: Human organoid systems reveal <i>in vitro</i> correlates of fitness for SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7
Human organoid systems reveal <i>in vitro</i> correlates of fitness for SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Open
A new phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has started as several SARS-CoV-2 variants are rapidly emerging globally, raising concerns for increased transmissibility. As animal models and traditional in vitro systems may fail to model key aspects…
View article: Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation
Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation Open
Virus propagation methods generally use transformed cell lines to grow viruses from clinical specimens, which may force viruses to rapidly adapt to cell culture conditions, a process facilitated by high viral mutation rates. Upon propagati…
View article: Author response: Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation
Author response: Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation Open
Article Figures and data Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Materials and methods Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Virus propagation methods generally use tr…
View article: Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation
Human airway cells prevent SARS-CoV-2 multibasic cleavage site cell culture adaptation Open
Virus propagation methods generally use transformed cell lines to grow viruses from clinical specimens, which may force viruses to rapidly adapt to cell culture conditions, a process facilitated by high viral mutation rates. Upon propagati…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 entry into human airway organoids is serine protease-mediated and facilitated by the multibasic cleavage site
SARS-CoV-2 entry into human airway organoids is serine protease-mediated and facilitated by the multibasic cleavage site Open
Coronavirus entry is mediated by the spike protein that binds the receptor and mediates fusion after cleavage by host proteases. The proteases that mediate entry differ between cell lines, and it is currently unclear which proteases are re…