Abstract The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in global food security, yet its heavy reliance on chemical inputs has led to a rise in emerging contaminants in modern agroecosystems. This review critically examines the impacts of these contaminants on soil health, plant-soil interactions, and agricultural productivity. We highlight how xenobiotic compounds from pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, and fertilizers disrupt nutrient cycling and soil microbial communities. Key contaminant classes, including pha…

Following human and animal consumption, pharmaceuticals often remain incompletely metabolized, entering aquatic ecosystems via sources like wastewater discharges, landfill leachates, and aquaculture farms, thereby eventually reaching the ocean through estuaries. This influx poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems. The Global Estuaries Monitoring (GEM) Programme, endorsed by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), aims to establish a standardized method for monito…

Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have emerged as versatile and efficient candidates for gas adsorption and air pollution mitigation, particularly targeting CO x , NO x , SO x , and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Carbon-based materials are pivotal in next generation energy technologies due to their tunable electronic properties, porosity, and chemical stability. Structural variations from 0D to 3D; graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogels, and biomass derived activated carbons; enable multifunctional roles as conductive scaffolds, catalysts, adsorbents, and enzyme supports. In biofuel production, they enhance biomass pretreatment, fermentation, and biodiesel synthesis, achieving up to 95% biodiesel yields and 30%–50% fa…

Input of pollutants to estuaries is one of the major threats to marine biodiversity and fishery resources, and pharmaceuticals are one of the most important contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems. To synthesize pharmaceutical pollution levels in estuaries over the past 20 years from a global perspective, this review identified 3229 individual environmental occurrence data for 239 pharmaceuticals across 91 global estuaries distributed in 26 countries. The highest cumulative weighted average concentr…