David Macleod
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View article: Enhanced patient counselling and SMS reminder messages to improve access to community-based eye care services in Meru, Kenya: an embedded, pragmatic, individual-level, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial
Enhanced patient counselling and SMS reminder messages to improve access to community-based eye care services in Meru, Kenya: an embedded, pragmatic, individual-level, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial Open
For the Swahili translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
View article: Trichiasis with and without tarsal conjunctival scarring: A multi-country observational study
Trichiasis with and without tarsal conjunctival scarring: A multi-country observational study Open
There has been discussion regarding the definition of the clinical sign trachomatous trichiasis (TT) for the purposes of determining elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, and whether the definition should include the presence…
View article: Evidence‐Based Approaches to Quality Improvement: A Narrative Review of Integrating Bayesian Adaptive Trials Into Health Services
Evidence‐Based Approaches to Quality Improvement: A Narrative Review of Integrating Bayesian Adaptive Trials Into Health Services Open
Rationale Quality improvement (QI) in health service programmes aims to make small, incremental changes to increase reach and efficiency. Simple, low‐risk programmatic changes can improve services, particularly when supported by robust evi…
View article: Enhanced patient counselling and SMS reminder messages to improve equitable access to community-based eye care services in Meru, Kenya: An embedded, pragmatic, individual-level, two arm, equity-focused, Bayesian RCT within an adaptive platform trial
Enhanced patient counselling and SMS reminder messages to improve equitable access to community-based eye care services in Meru, Kenya: An embedded, pragmatic, individual-level, two arm, equity-focused, Bayesian RCT within an adaptive platform trial Open
Background In Kenya’s Meru county, only 46% of people identified with an eye problem during screening go on to access and receive eye care services at local clinics, with younger adults (those aged 18-44) being the least likely to receive …
View article: Randomised controlled trial of topical combination therapy chlorhexidine 0.2% and natamycin 5% versus topical natamycin 5% alone for fungal keratitis in East Africa: study protocol
Randomised controlled trial of topical combination therapy chlorhexidine 0.2% and natamycin 5% versus topical natamycin 5% alone for fungal keratitis in East Africa: study protocol Open
Introduction Fungal corneal infection (fungal keratitis [FK]) poses significant treatment challenges. The efficacy of current topical antifungals is inconsistent and often limited, especially in low and middle-income countries where the ma…
View article: Trichiasis With and Without Tarsal Conjunctival Scarring: a multi-country observational study
Trichiasis With and Without Tarsal Conjunctival Scarring: a multi-country observational study Open
Background: There has been discussion regarding the definition of the clinical sign trachomatous trichiasis (TT) for the purposes of determining elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, and whether the definition should include …
View article: Comparison of Telephone and In-Person Interview Modalities: Duration, Richness, and Costs in the Context of Exploring Determinants of Equitable Access to Community Health Services in Meru, Kenya
Comparison of Telephone and In-Person Interview Modalities: Duration, Richness, and Costs in the Context of Exploring Determinants of Equitable Access to Community Health Services in Meru, Kenya Open
Background Our research team conducted phenomenological interviews in Kenya with people who were not able to access community eye health services, aiming to explore the barriers and ideas for potential service modifications. We conducted a…
View article: Enhanced patient counselling and SMS reminder messages to improve access to community-based eye care services in Meru, Kenya: statistical analysis plan for a Bayesian adaptive trial
Enhanced patient counselling and SMS reminder messages to improve access to community-based eye care services in Meru, Kenya: statistical analysis plan for a Bayesian adaptive trial Open
Background Health service programmes frequently encounter challenges with patient adherence to care. A promising, low-risk approach to address this issue is providing patients with targeted information about the importance of adherence. In…
View article: Management of microbial keratitis by private pharmacies in Uganda: a study of knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Management of microbial keratitis by private pharmacies in Uganda: a study of knowledge, attitude, and practice. Open
Purpose To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy attendants in the management of microbial keratitis. Methods This mixed-methods study was conducted in selected pharmacies and drug shops located in Mbarara City betwee…
View article: Distribution and viability of ocular and non-ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in households in a trachoma-endemic community in Oromia, Ethiopia
Distribution and viability of ocular and non-ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in households in a trachoma-endemic community in Oromia, Ethiopia Open
Background We aimed to determine the household distribution and viability of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) from the eyes, face, and hands during the initial two visits of a year-long fortnightly cohort study in geographically defined adjacent…
View article: Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol
Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol Open
Introduction Access to care varies by sociodemographic group, with some groups facing higher barriers to care than others. This study will use novel methods to explore barriers and potential solutions as perceived by members of the populat…
View article: Protocol for an adaptive platform trial of intended service user-derived interventions to equitably reduce non-attendance in eye screening programmes in Botswana, India, Kenya and Nepal
Protocol for an adaptive platform trial of intended service user-derived interventions to equitably reduce non-attendance in eye screening programmes in Botswana, India, Kenya and Nepal Open
Introduction Only 30%–50% of people referred to clinics during community-based eye screening are able to access care in Botswana, India, Kenya and Nepal. The access rate is even lower for certain population groups. This platform trial aims…
View article: Implementing an artificial intelligence system into a diabetic eye screening programme in Tanzania
Implementing an artificial intelligence system into a diabetic eye screening programme in Tanzania Open
Tanzania has the highest age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetic retinopathy, a common complication, is a significant cause of vision loss; but with effective screening and treatment this often can be prevented.…
View article: Cluster randomised controlled trial of double-dose azithromycin mass drug administration, facial cleanliness and fly control measures for trachoma control in Oromia, Ethiopia: the stronger SAFE trial protocol
Cluster randomised controlled trial of double-dose azithromycin mass drug administration, facial cleanliness and fly control measures for trachoma control in Oromia, Ethiopia: the stronger SAFE trial protocol Open
Introduction Trachoma is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis ( Ct ). The WHO recommends the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement. Multiple r…
View article: Prevalence of and risk factors associated with chronic opioid use after traumatic injury: A historical cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service sample cohort data
Prevalence of and risk factors associated with chronic opioid use after traumatic injury: A historical cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service sample cohort data Open
Chronic opioid use (COU) after traumatic injuries is a global health concern. COU after trauma delays recovery and increases the risk of long-term drug dependence. However, the population-prevalence and factors associated with COU after tr…
View article: Cross-cultural adaptation of the 5-Question Stigma Indicators in trachoma-affected communities, Ethiopia
Cross-cultural adaptation of the 5-Question Stigma Indicators in trachoma-affected communities, Ethiopia Open
Stigma is common in people affected with Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). However, no validated tools are available to assess and monitor stigma in trachoma-affected communities. We tested the cross-cultural equivalence of the 5-questio…
View article: Role of traditional healers in the management of microbial keratitis in eastern Nepal
Role of traditional healers in the management of microbial keratitis in eastern Nepal Open
Background Microbial Keratitis (MK) is a leading cause of corneal blindness due to infection and its consequences, with a higher incidence in resource-limited nations. Hospital-based patient records from different parts of Nepal suggest pa…
View article: Access to community-based eye services in Meru, Kenya: a cross-sectional equity analysis
Access to community-based eye services in Meru, Kenya: a cross-sectional equity analysis Open
Background Over 80% of blindness in Kenya is due to curable or preventable causes and 7.5 m Kenyans currently need eye services. Embedding sociodemographic data collection into screening programmes could help identify the groups facing sys…
View article: Comparison of metrics for assessing face washing behaviour for trachoma control
Comparison of metrics for assessing face washing behaviour for trachoma control Open
There is currently no single, easy-to-use, reliable indicator to assess whether a face has been washed with soap in the context of trachoma elimination. This study aimed to compare survey report, script-based pictorial recall and facial cl…
View article: Protocol for an adaptive platform trial of intended service user-derived interventions to equitably reduce non-attendance in eye screening programmes in Botswana, India, Kenya & Nepal
Protocol for an adaptive platform trial of intended service user-derived interventions to equitably reduce non-attendance in eye screening programmes in Botswana, India, Kenya & Nepal Open
Background Only 30-50% of people referred to clinics during community-based eye screening are able to access care in Botswana, India, Kenya, and Nepal. The access rate is even lower for certain population groups. This platform trial aims t…
View article: Performance of Wearable Pulse Oximetry During Controlled Hypoxia Induction
Performance of Wearable Pulse Oximetry During Controlled Hypoxia Induction Open
Oxygen saturation is a crucial metric used for monitoring patients with lung disease or other conditions who are at risk of hypoxemia. Recently, consumer wearable devices began incorporating oxygen saturation measurement tools, widening th…
View article: Field- and laboratory-based studies on correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission by Musca sorbens: Determinants of fly-eye contact and investigations into fly carriage of elementary bodies
Field- and laboratory-based studies on correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission by Musca sorbens: Determinants of fly-eye contact and investigations into fly carriage of elementary bodies Open
Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae) flies are thought to be vectors of the blinding eye disease trachoma, carrying the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) between the eyes of individuals. While their role as vectors has been convincingly de…
View article: Incidence of self-reported tuberculosis treatment with community-wide universal testing and treatment for HIV and tuberculosis screening in Zambia and South Africa: A planned analysis of the HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial
Incidence of self-reported tuberculosis treatment with community-wide universal testing and treatment for HIV and tuberculosis screening in Zambia and South Africa: A planned analysis of the HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial Open
Background HIV is a potent risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, community-wide universal testing and treatment for HIV (UTT) could contribute to TB control, but evidence for this is limited. Community-wide TB screening can decreas…
View article: Role of traditional healers in the management of microbial keratitis in eastern Nepal
Role of traditional healers in the management of microbial keratitis in eastern Nepal Open
Background Microbial Keratitis (MK) is a leading cause of corneal blindness due to infection and its consequences, with a higher incidence in resource-limited nations. Hospital-based patient records from different parts of Nepal suggest pa…
View article: Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services in central Kenya: a rapid exploratory sequential mixed methods study
Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services in central Kenya: a rapid exploratory sequential mixed methods study Open
Summary Background Recent research has found that less than half of people identified with an eye problem in Meru county’s screening programme were able to access care, with younger adults being the least likely to receive the care they ne…
View article: Comparison of telephone and in-person interview modalities: duration, richness, and costs in the context of exploring determinants of equitable access to community health services in Meru, Kenya
Comparison of telephone and in-person interview modalities: duration, richness, and costs in the context of exploring determinants of equitable access to community health services in Meru, Kenya Open
Background Our research team is conducting phenomenological interviews in Kenya with people who have not been able to access community eye health services, aiming to explore the barriers and ideas for potential service modifications. We co…
View article: Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services in Botswana, India, Kenya, and Nepal: a rapid exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol
Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services in Botswana, India, Kenya, and Nepal: a rapid exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol Open
Introduction Evidence suggests that certain groups face substantial barriers to accessing eye care services. This study seeks to explore barriers and potential solutions as perceived by members of the population groups who are least able t…