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View article: Divergent Mechanisms Activating RAS and Small GTPases Through Post-translational Modification
Divergent Mechanisms Activating RAS and Small GTPases Through Post-translational Modification Open
RAS is a founding member of the RAS superfamily of GTPases. These small 21 kDa proteins function as molecular switches to initialize signaling cascades involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell growth, and dif…
View article: Divergent Mechanisms Activating RAS and Small GTPases Through Post-translational Modification
Divergent Mechanisms Activating RAS and Small GTPases Through Post-translational Modification Open
RAS is a founding member of the RAS superfamily of GTPases. These small 21 kDa proteins function as molecular switches to initialize signaling cascades involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell growth, and dif…
View article: Targeting Energy Metabolism to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance of Glioblastoma and Tumor-associated Edema
Targeting Energy Metabolism to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance of Glioblastoma and Tumor-associated Edema Open
Glioblastoma remains among the most lethal of human malignancies. The current standard of care prolongs life expectancy about 2 months on average compared to from radiation therapy alone, leading to a median patient survival of 14.6 months…
View article: Emerging Roles of Wild-type and Mutant IDH1 in Growth, Metabolism and Therapeutics of Glioma
Emerging Roles of Wild-type and Mutant IDH1 in Growth, Metabolism and Therapeutics of Glioma Open
Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating human malignancies and is categorized into primary and secondary glioblastoma subtypes that develop through different genetic pathways. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) are key enzy…
View article: Plastidial (p)ppGpp Synthesis by the Ca2+-Dependent RelA–SpoT Homolog Regulates the Adaptation of Chloroplast Gene Expression to Darkness in Arabidopsis
Plastidial (p)ppGpp Synthesis by the Ca2+-Dependent RelA–SpoT Homolog Regulates the Adaptation of Chloroplast Gene Expression to Darkness in Arabidopsis Open
In bacteria, the hyper-phosphorylated nucleotide, guanosine 3′,5′-bis(pyrophosphate) (ppGpp), functions as a secondary messenger under stringent conditions. ppGpp levels are controlled by two distinct enzymes, namely RelA and SpoT, in Esch…
View article: ppGpp functions as an alarmone in metazoa
ppGpp functions as an alarmone in metazoa Open
Guanosine 3’,5’-bis(pyrophosphate) (ppGpp) functions as a second messenger in bacteria to adjust their physiology in response to environmental changes. In recent years, the ppGpp-specific hydrolase, metazoan SpoT homolog-1 (Mesh1), was sho…
View article: Plastidial (p)ppGpp synthesis by the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent RelA-SpoT homolog regulates the adaptation of chloroplast gene expression to darkness in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Plastidial (p)ppGpp synthesis by the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent RelA-SpoT homolog regulates the adaptation of chloroplast gene expression to darkness in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Open
In bacteria, the hyper-phosphorylated nucleotides, guanosine 5’-diphosphate 3’-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5’-triphosphate 3’-diphosphate (pppGpp), function as secondary messengers in the regulation of various metabolic processes of …