Explanipedia

A case study of temperature tendency mechanisms operating over northern Africa during and following midlatitude winter troughs Open

Andreas H. Fink, Richard J. Keane, Douglas J. Parker · 2025

We investigate temperature tendency mechanisms operating over northern Africa following midlatitude upper‐level winter troughs. A case study sequence reveals how Iberia and Central Mediterranean troughs perturb the prevailing cold advectio…

Radiatively-cooled moist convection under idealised climate change scenarios: linear analysis Open

Douglas J. Parker · 2025

527 Primary results with long-term follow up of a phase II study of neoadjuvant and adjuvant cemiplimab in high-risk resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Open

Michael Lowe, David H. Lawson, Brianna Brammer, Keith A. Delman, Jennifer H. Gross , et al. · 2025

Skilful subseasonal forecasts of dry spells: a case study for Malawi Open

Erik W. Kolstad, Rondrotiana Barimalala, Douglas J. Parker · 2025

Scale interactions of deep convection in the Sahel: Exploring ring patterns in lagged cross‐correlations of rainfall Open

James Bassford, Douglas J. Parker, John H. Marsham, James Warner · 2025

Spatio‐temporal patterns in rainfall are evidence of sub‐daily scale interactions in convection in the West African Sahel. Radial normalization of two‐dimensional conditional probability maps reveals a ring‐like structure in rainfall proba…

Role of Soil Moisture Gradients in Favoring Mesoscale Convective Systems in East China Open

Yutong Lu, John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker, Cornelia Klein, Christopher M. Taylor , et al. · 2025

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contribute significantly to summer precipitation in the tropics and midlatitude. Although soil moisture (SM) effects on convection are globally recognized, its specific role on mature MCSs in East China …

Balancing accuracy versus precision: Enhancing the usability of sub-seasonal forecasts Open

Etienne Dunn‐Sigouin, Erik W. Kolstad, C. Ole Wulff, Douglas J. Parker, Richard J. Keane · 2025

Mid‐Latitude Versus Tropical Scales of Predictability and Their Implications for Forecasting Open

Richard J. Keane, Douglas J. Parker, Etienne Dunn‐Sigouin, Erik W. Kolstad, John H. Marsham · 2025

Weather predictability varies between tropical and middle latitudes: rotational effects enable forecasts on moderate spatial scales up to 10 days in middle latitudes, while longer term predictions are less reliable; in contrast, tropical w…

Kilometre-Scale Model with Explicit Convection Captures Global-Scale Bimodality of Total Column Water Vapour Open

James Bassford, John H. Marsham, Ben Maybee, Douglas J. Parker · 2025

Balancing Accuracy versus Precision: Enhancing the Usability of Sub-Seasonal Forecasts Open

Etienne Dunn‐Sigouin, Erik W. Kolstad, C. Ole Wulff, Douglas J. Parker, Keane Richard · 2025

Forecasts are essential for climate adaptation and preparedness, such as in early warning systems and impact models. A key limitation to their practical use is often their coarse spatial grid spacing. However, another less frequently discu…

How sensitive are Sahelian mesoscale convective systems to cold‐pool suppression? Open

Ben Maybee, James Bassford, John H. Marsham, Huw Lewis, Paul R. Field , et al. · 2025

Understanding the physical processes driving deep convective storms is an essential prerequisite for understanding the wider tropical atmosphere. Cold pools driven by rainfall evaporation are a ubiquitous feature of mesoscale convective sy…

Radiatively-Cooled Moist Convection under an Idealised Climate Change Scenario: Linear Analysis Open

Douglas J. Parker · 2025

In order to explore the effects of climate change on atmospheric convection and the water cycle, we develop and analyse an extension of the Rainy-Bénard model, which is itself a moist version of the Rayleigh-Bénard model of dry convection.…

Recent Forest Loss in the Brazilian Amazon Causes Substantial Reductions in Dry Season Precipitation Open

Yu Liu, Dominick V. Spracklen, Douglas J. Parker, Joseph Holden, Jun Ge , et al. · 2025

The Amazon has experienced extensive deforestation in recent decades, causing substantial impacts on local and regional climate. However, the precipitation response to this recent forest cover change remains unclear. Here, we examined biop…

Soil moisture gradients strengthen mesoscale convective systems by increasing wind shear Open

Emma J. Barton, Cornelia Klein, Christopher M. Taylor, John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker , et al. · 2025

Mesoscale convective systems are a class of storm linked to extensive flooding and other destructive hazards in many regions globally. In West Africa, soil moisture impacts provide a valuable source of predictability for mature storm hazar…

Closing the Circulation Budget Open

Fran Morris, C. Robinson, Michael J. Reeder, Juliane Schwendike, Douglas J. Parker , et al. · 2025

Circulation budgets can identify physical processes underpinning tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective vortices, and other weather systems where there are interactions across scales. It is unclear, however, how well these budgets close i…

Rain in convective downdraughts Open

G. G. Rooney, Ben Shipway, Douglas J. Parker · 2025

This study presents results from the simulation of idealised, rain‐laden downdraughts using a large‐eddy model. Each downdraught is initialised as a “cold, wet bubble”, that is, a spherical/spheroidal region of the lower atmosphere with a …

How sensitive are Sahelian Mesoscale Convective Systems to cold pool suppression? Open

Ben Maybee, James Bassford, John H. Marsham, Huw Lewis, Paul Field , et al. · 2024

A rare cutaneous neoplasm in an elderly patient Open

Nujood Alzahrani, Zachary Wolner, Douglas J. Parker, Travis W. Blalock · 2024

Wind Shear Effects in Convection–Permitting Models Influence MCS Rainfall and Forcing of Tropical Circulation Open

Ben Maybee, John H. Marsham, Cornelia Klein, Douglas J. Parker, Emma J. Barton , et al. · 2024

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) play a critical role in tropical rainfall patterns and circulations. To reduce persistent biases and improve understanding of the climate system, international groups have called for unprecedented invest…

Beyond the regional average: Drivers of geographical rainfall variability during East Africa's short rains Open

Erik W. Kolstad, Douglas J. Parker, David MacLeod, Caroline M. Wainwright, Linda Hirons · 2024

The East African “short rains” from October–December (OND) are crucial for the region's cultural and agricultural landscape. Traditional climate studies have often treated these rains as a single mode, representing the average rainfall acr…

Wind shear effects on entrainment in convection-permitting models influence convective storm rainfall and forcing of tropical circulation Open

Ben Maybee, John H. Marsham, Cornelia Klein, Douglas J. Parker, Emma J. Barton , et al. · 2024

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) play a critical role in tropical rainfall patterns and circulations. To reduce persistent biases and improve understanding of the climate system, international groups have called for unprecedented invest…

Challenges and ways forward for sustainable weather and climate services in Africa Open

Benjamin Lamptey, Salah Sahabi Abed, Masilin Gudoshava, Joseph Mutemi, Mary‐Jane M. Bopape , et al. · 2024

How Is Synoptic-Scale Circulation Influenced by the Dynamics of Mesoscale Convection in Convection-Permitting Simulations over West Africa? Open

Fran Morris, Juliane Schwendike, Douglas J. Parker, Caroline L. Bain · 2024

Understanding how mesoscale convection interacts with synoptic-scale circulations over West Africa is crucial for improving regional weather forecasts and developing convection parameterizations to address biases in climate models. A 10-yr…

Storm intensification driven by soil moisture gradients in global hotspot regions Open

Emma J. Barton, Cornelia Klein, Christopher M. Taylor, John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker , et al. · 2024

Organised thunderstorm clusters known as Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) can bring high impact hazards such as flash floods, lighting and destructive winds. It is crucial for the forecasting and mitigation of these hazards to understan…

Advances, gaps and way forward in provision of climate services over the Greater Horn of Africa Open

Masilin Gudoshava, George Otieno, Eunice Koech, Herbert Misiani, Jemimah Gacheru Ongoma , et al. · 2024

The Greater Horn of Africa is prone to extreme climatic conditions, thus, making climate services increasingly important in supporting decision-making processes across a range of climate sensitive sectors. This study aims to provide a comp…

629 Neoadjuvant SEMA4D inhibitor pepinemab combination with nivolumab increases crosstalk between B cell and CD26<sup>hi</sup> T cell in patients with resectable stage III melanoma Open

Ayana T. Ruffin, Brian M. Olson, Crystal Mallow, Christine Reilly, Jacklyn Hammons , et al. · 2023

Background Semaphorin4D (SEMA4D) regulates immune cell infiltration and suppressive features of myeloid cells in the tumor via engaging with receptors, PLXNB1/2 and CD72.¹ In preclinical and clinical studies, SEMA4D blockade enh…

JAAD Case Reports Article List Open

Aubriana Mcevoy, Jeremy G. Light, Aaron J. Russell, Muithi Mwanthi, Jack Newcomer , et al. · 2023

Effects on early monsoon rainfall in West Africa due to recent deforestation in a convection-permitting ensemble Open

Julia Crook, Cornelia Klein, Sonja Folwell, Christopher M. Taylor, Douglas J. Parker , et al. · 2023

Tropical deforestation can have a significant effect on climate, but research attention has been directed mostly towards Amazonian deforestation. The southern part of West Africa (a region dependent on rain-fed agriculture and vulnerable t…

Response of Mature Storms to Soil Moisture State in Global Hotspot Regions Open

Emma J. Barton, Cornelia Klein, Christopher M. Taylor, John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker · 2023

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) represent some of the most intense and destructive thunderstorms in the world. Understanding the physical processes that drive these storms and influence their characteristics is vital for hazard predict…

Dynamical Impacts of Warm-Starting Operational Weather Models over Africa Open

Fran Morris, Jamie H. Warner, Caroline L. Bain, Juliane Schwendike, Douglas J. Parker , et al. · 2023

Weather models which allow explicit convection can add value to weather forecasting by improving the intensity and timing of precipitating systems and their dynamics, which is particularly valuable in the tropics where moist diurnal convec…

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